Page 130 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第11期
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第 46 卷    第 11 期                  爆    炸    与    冲    击                      Vol. 46, No. 11
                2026 年 11 月                   EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES                          Nov., 2026

               DOI:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0348


                          水下钻孔爆破孔底复合垫层装药结构的

                                                损伤控制模型                  *


                                                   1
                                                           1,2
                            贾永胜   1,2,3 ,刘万通 ,袁    方 ,蒋    楠 ,孙金山 ,姚颖康 ,谢全民 ,裴子超            1
                                            1
                                                                   1,2
                                                                                    1,2
                                                                            1,2
                                      (1. 江汉大学精细爆破全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430056;
                                     2. 江汉大学工程爆破湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430056;
                                            3. 武汉爆破有限公司,湖北 武汉 430056)
                  摘要: 为有效控制跨海工程中爆破开挖对基岩的损伤,研究了水下钻孔爆破中孔底复合垫层装药结构的损伤控
               制效果。结合某跨海大桥嵌入式沉井爆破开挖工程实例,通过现场取样和水下爆炸模型试验,利用压电陶瓷检测系统
               定量分析了孔底复合垫层中不同波阻抗铁砂混凝土对岩样损伤的影响;基于实测压电信号,运用小波包分析方法计算
               了炮孔轴向损伤因子;并结合分形维数与损伤理论,对不同工况下岩样顶部裂纹的扩展行为进行了量化评估。结果表
               明:孔底复合垫层能有效抑制岩样宏观裂纹扩展,减少顶部裂纹数量,并降低裂纹的轴向扩展深度。对岩样轴向损伤
               的分析表明:随着波阻抗的提高,炮孔区(0~12 cm)轴向损伤因子最大降幅约为                        10.70%;基岩底部测点损伤因子降幅
               高达  90%  以上。水下钻孔爆破中采用孔底复合垫层装药结构可显著减轻基岩的爆破损伤,通过调节铁砂混凝土波阻
               抗可实现对岩样轴向损伤的有效控制。
                  关键词: 水下钻孔爆破;孔底复合垫层;爆破模型试验;损伤控制
                  中图分类号: O383.1; TV542.3   国标学科代码: 13035   文献标志码: A

                Model test on damage control of the composite cushion charging structure
                           subjected to blast at the bottom of underwater borehole

                                                       1
                                                                   1
                                                                                           1,2
                                                                              1,2
                            JIA Yongsheng 1,2,3 , LIU Wantong , YUAN Fang , JIANG Nan , SUN Jinshan ,
                                                                    1,2
                                                      1,2
                                         YAO Yingkang , XIE Quanmin , PEI Zichao 1
                        (1. State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China;
                       2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China;
                                       3. Wuhan Blasting Co., Ltd. , Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China)
               Abstract:   The  present  investigation  examines  the  effectiveness  of  a  composite  cushion  charging  structure,  placed  at  the
               bottom of underwater boreholes, to mitigate bedrock damage induced by blasting excavation during cross-sea engineering.
               With reference to the embedded open caisson blasting project for a major cross-sea bridge, this research adopted a combined
               methodology of field sampling and controlled underwater explosion model tests. A piezoelectric ceramic detection system was
               employed  to  quantitatively  analyze  how  the  composite  cushion,  composed  of  iron-sand  concrete  layers  with  varying  wave
               impedances, affects rock sample damage. Piezoelectric signals were processed via wavelet packet analysis to calculate the axial
               damage  factor  (DI)  of  the  blast  hole.  Furthermore,  by  integrating  fractal  dimension  theory  with  damage  mechanics,  a
               quantitative assessment was performed on the propagation behavior of cracks formed on the top surfaces of rock specimens
               under  different  test  conditions.  Results  demonstrate  that  the  implemented  composite  bottom  cushion  effectively  mitigates



                 *   收稿日期: 2025-10-22;修回日期: 2025-12-15
                   基金项目: 湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2024CSA094);湖北省自然科学基金杰出青年项目(2024AFA092);国家自
                          然科学基金(52578584,52478525,52378399);湖北省基础研究类平台专项(2025CSA072)
                   第一作者: 贾永胜(1970- ),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,sinoblaster_jia@jhun.edu.cn
                   通信作者: 刘万通(1999- ),男,博士研究生,lwtsklpb@stu.jhun.edu.cn


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