Page 125 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第10期

第 46 卷 梁俊宣，等： 入射角与攻角对弹体侵彻混凝土薄靶偏转特性的影响 第 10 期

正；入射角 φ 为弹体轴线与靶体迎弹面法线之间的夹角，当弹头方向位于靶体迎弹面法线方向上方时

φ 为正。此外，规定弹体受力方向向上和向右时为正，弹体偏转角速度逆时针方向时为正。

β
v +φ
Target
Projectile axis
α −β
φ +α v
Target normal Projectile axis −α
+β
−φ
y Horizontal line
Horizontal line z Target normal
Target
(a) Initial condition of penetration (b) Definition of angle direction
图 2 侵彻条件示意图 [9]
Fig. 2 Condition of penetration [9]
如表 4 所示，各工况下弹体剩余速度模拟值与试验值的相对误差均在±10% 以内，弹体姿态角模拟
值与试验值的绝对误差均不超过 2°。图 3 对比了各工况下数值模拟与试验的弹道轨迹，结果显示两者
吻合较好。图中可见数值模拟得到的靶体开坑区与崩落区深度均接近靶体厚度的一半，与试验观测结
果一致。上述对比分析表明本文建立的数值模拟方法可靠，可用于研究不同入射角与攻角对弹体侵彻
混凝土薄靶偏转特性的影响规律。

表 4 模拟与试验结果对比
Table 4 Comparison of simulations and experimental results
剩余速度 靶后弹体姿态角/(°)
靶体编号
−1
−1
[9]
试验值 /(m·s ) 模拟值/(m·s ) 相对误差/% 试验 [9] 数值模拟 绝对误差
1-1 700 698 −0.29 −5.11 −6.60 1.49
1-2 602 578 −3.99 −12.75 −11.63 −1.12
2-1 624 633 1.44 −1.73 −3.17 1.44
2-2 531 553 4.14 −4.65 −5.07 0.42
3-1 409 429 4.89 −11.81 −9.91 −1.90
3-2 310 340 9.68 −10.99 −11.45 0.46
4-1 428 420 −1.87 −3.36 −5.31 1.95
4-2 263 288 9.51 −5.37 −6.70 1.33
5-1 576 613 6.42 −4.69 −5.65 0.96
5-2 472 516 9.32 −9.46 −9.30 −0.16

1-1 1-2 1-1 1-2 Damage
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
v 0 =791 m/s v 1 =698 m/s 0.4
v 0 =791 m/s v 1 =700 m/s β 0 =−1.60° β 1 =−6.60° v 2 =578 m/s 0.3
β 0 =−1.60° β 1 =−5.11° β 2 =−11.63° 0.2
φ 0 =−1.33° φ 1 =−3.08° v 2 =602 m/s θ 1 =0° θ 2 =0° 0.1
β 2 =−12.75°
0
θ 1 =0° L=500 mm θ 2 =0° φ 2 =−4.65° L=500 mm
(a) Condition a
2-1 2-2 2-1 2-2 Damage
103302-4 1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
=705 m/s =633 m/s 0.5
=705 m/s =624 m/s =531 m/s β =−0.99° =553 m/s 0.4
β =−0.99° β =−1.73° β =−4.65° β =−3.17° β =−5.07° 0.3
φ =−0.70° φ =−1.44° φ =−3.35° θ =15.4° θ =14.4° 0.2
0.1
θ =15.4° =470 mm θ =14.4° =470 mm 0

3-1 3-2 3-1 3-2 Damage
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
=515 m/s =515 m/s =429 m/s 0.5
=409 m/s
β =−4.45° β =−11.81° β =−4.45° β =−9.91° 0.4
0.3
φ =−4.22° φ =−1.19° =310 m/s θ =15.5° θ =15.7° =340 m/s 0.2
0.1
θ =15.5° θ =15.7° β =−10.99° =470 mm β =−11.45° 0
φ =−1.19°
Damage
4-1 4-2
4-1 4-2 1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
=515 m/s 0.5
=515 m/s =428 m/s β =−1.56° =420 m/s 0.4
β =−1.56° β =−3.36° =263 m/s β =−5.31° =288 m/s 0.3
φ =−1.03° φ =−2.35° β =−5.37° θ =30.1° θ =30.7° β =−6.70° 0.2
0.1
θ =30.1° =550 mm θ =30.7° φ =−1.02° =550 mm 0

Damage
5-1 5-2 5-1 5-2
1.0
0.9
0.8
=694 m/s =613 m/s 0.7
=694 m/s =576 m/s β =−1.52° 0.6
β =−1.52° β =−4.69° =472 m/s β =−5.65° =516 m/s 0.5
0.4
φ =−1.52° φ =−2.11° β =−9.46° θ =29.8° θ =30.6° β =−9.30° 0.3
θ =29.8° 606 mm θ =30.6° φ =−1.83° =606 mm 0.2
0.1
0