Page 80 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第9期

第 46 卷 吴 平，等： 接触爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土板细观数值模拟及应力波的传播机理 第 9 期

The aggregates were modeled according to actual aggregate gradation characteristics, the reinforcing bars were accurately
arranged based on practical engineering layout parameters, and appropriate contact algorithms were adopted among the matrix,
aggregates, and reinforcing bars to simulate interfacial effects. The model was validated against contact explosion tests, and the
results show that it can predict the failure modes and crater dimensions of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to contact
explosion loads with reasonable accuracy. On this basis, the effects of aggregate characteristics, including distribution pattern
and particle size, and reinforcement arrangement on the blast resistance and stress-wave propagation behavior of reinforced
concrete were investigated through parametric mesoscale numerical simulations. Regarding the aggregate parameters, the
particle-size distribution pattern and aggregate size govern the evolution of stress waves and energy-dissipation characteristics,
thereby affecting the geometric dimensions of the craters on the top surface and the spalling craters on the bottom surface of
the concrete slab. When the aggregate particle size decreases from the top surface to the bottom surface, the expansion of the
top-surface crater and the development of bottom-surface spalling can be effectively suppressed; in contrast, an increasing
particle-size distribution aggravates surface cratering and internal spalling damage. In terms of aggregate size, the bottom-
surface spalling craters of slabs containing small aggregates exhibit shallow and wide characteristics, whereas those containing
large aggregates exhibit deep and narrow morphologies. Compared with aggregates, reinforcing bars exert a weaker influence
on the overall failure mode and stress-wave propagation behavior of the slab. At a low reinforcement ratio, the reinforcing bars
have little effect on the dynamic transmission of compressive stress peaks, whereas under high explosion loads, they suppress
slab fragmentation, mitigate flexural damage, and improve the structural integrity and damage resistance of the slab.
Keywords: reinforced concrete; mesoscopic numerical simulation; contact explosion; parametric analysis; stress wave
propagation

近年来，爆炸荷载（如恐怖袭击、工业事故）对混凝土结构的威胁日益凸显，接触爆炸作为最具破坏性
的荷载形式之一，其局部高压、高应变率作用下的混凝土损伤破坏机制仍是防护工程领域的研究重点 [1-3] 。
而普通混凝土（normal concrete, NC）作为典型的多相复合材料，其抗爆性能不仅取决于宏观力学参数，更
与骨料性能、骨料分布及级配等细观参数密切相关。同时，混凝土常常配合钢筋使用，其抗爆性能不仅
取决于混凝土力学性能，同时也不能忽视钢筋的影响。然而，近年来许多研究人员都将混凝土视为均质
材料，对其在爆炸荷载作用下的损伤特性和动态响应进行了广泛的研究 [4-12] 。如 Castedo 等 [10] 通过全尺
寸现场试验探究了近场爆炸下钢筋混凝土板的力学响应与损伤规律。研究结果表明，炸药比例距离是
影响混凝土损伤的最关键因素，随着比例距离的减小，钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete, RC）板损伤从背爆
面微裂发展为双向层裂乃至中心贯穿破坏。同时，炸药形状也显著影响爆压与靶板损伤形态。这些研
究忽略了混凝土内部组分非均质性对爆炸响应的影响。
混凝土作为典型非均质材料，其力学性能与内部细观组分存在紧密关联。其中，粗骨料作为混凝土
的骨架，对混凝土整体结构的稳定性起决定性作用。针对粗骨料对混凝土静、动态力学性能的影响机
制，学术界已开展大量研究 [13-20] 。在静态断裂行为研究中，Yu 等 [17] 提出一种耦合比例边界有限元法、统
一相场模型与内聚力界面单元细观数值框架，协同建立了混凝土三点弯曲细观模型，系统探究试件尺寸
与骨料特性对混凝土断裂过程区演化的影响，其结果表明骨料含量比骨料尺寸对混凝土断裂过程的影
响更强。Liu 等 [18] 采用细观尺度有限元建模方法，系统探究了含真实形态骨料的三相混凝土在三轴压缩
状态下的破坏行为。研究结果表明，与单轴加载一致，表面粗糙度越大的骨料可显著提升混凝土抗压强
度，且围压增大时该增强效应被进一步放大。在动态力学性能方面，Song 等 [20] 采用伪三维分离式霍普
金森杆细观数值模型，探究了非均质性对混凝土材料动态增强因子（dynamic increase factor, DIF）的影
响。结果表明，粗骨料强度会影响高应变率荷载下混凝土的动态抗力，同时骨料可以通过改变裂缝路径
抑 制 砂 浆 的 集 中 损 伤 。 考 虑 到 更 强 烈 的 爆 炸 荷 载 ， Qi 等 [21] 采 用 三 维 细 观 数 值 模 拟 与 多 物 质 ALE
(arbitrary Lagrange-Euler) 爆炸算法，系统探究了粗骨料对混凝土接触爆炸响应的调控机制。粗骨料的存
在使混凝土损伤模式发生改变，其核心在于粗骨料通过波阻抗差异搭配（骨料与砂浆物理性能差异）与

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