Page 32 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第6期

第 46 卷 第 6 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 6
2026 年 6 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jun., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2026-0010

接触爆炸作用下钢桁梁桥的破坏模式与剩余承载力 *

杜晓庆 ，李世龙 ，陈 德 ，张 磊 ，张 围 1
1
1
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（1. 上海大学力学与工程科学学院，上海 200444；
2. 上海大学高性能桥梁研究中心，上海 200444）
摘要： 针对铁路钢桁梁桥在接触爆炸作用下的破坏模式及剩余承载力劣化规律开展了数值模拟分析。首先，通
过模拟加劲钢板与钢箱拱的爆炸试验以及工字钢柱爆炸后的剩余承载力，对比验证了数值分析方法的可靠性；其次，
对接触爆炸下上弦杆构件的损伤破坏和整桥剩余承载力的数值模型开展了网格敏感性分析；然后，明确了典型钢桁梁
桥的最不利杆件以及爆炸当量对剩余承载力的影响规律；最后，探讨了多点爆炸作用下整桥损伤破坏演变机制。结果
表明：接触爆炸作用下钢桁梁桥以杆件局部损伤为主要破坏形式，在 100 kg 炸药当量的工况中，上弦杆侧面与顶面爆
炸下整桥承载力分别降低了 29.8% 和 18.0%，上弦杆侧面爆炸为最不利工况；随着上弦杆侧面爆炸炸药当量由 25 kg 增
加至 150 kg，整桥剩余承载力降幅由 8.8% 扩大至 33.4%。以承载力损失与完好桥梁极限承载力之比为损伤因子，建立
了整桥损伤因子-炸药当量定量关系；多点爆炸工况下的损伤因子增大至 0.452，结构冗余度与剩余承载性能较单点爆
炸工况显著降低。
关键词： 钢桁梁桥；接触爆炸；破坏模式；剩余承载力；多点爆炸
中图分类号： O389; U24 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Failure mode and residual bearing capacity of steel truss bridge
under contact explosions

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DU Xiaoqing , LI Shilong , CHEN De , ZHANG Lei , ZHANG Wei 1
（1. School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
2. Research Center for High-Performance Bridges, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China）
Abstract: Steel truss bridges are typically composed of a large number of slender members and represent one of the primary
structural forms of railway bridges, facing the threat of overall collapse caused by explosions from unmanned aerial vehicles.
Numerical simulation analysis was conducted on the failure mode and residual bearing capacity degradation law of railway
steel truss bridges subjected to contact explosions. Firstly, the reliability of the numerical simulation method was verified by
existing explosion tests on stiffened steel plates and steel box arches, as well as the residual bearing capacity of I-shaped steel
column after explosion. Subsequently, mesh sensitivity analyses were performed for the damage and failure of upper chord
member under contact explosions and for the residual bearing capacity of the entire bridge. Then, the most critical member of
the bridge was identified by evaluating its residual performance under 100 kg TNT equivalent explosions at different locations.
Furthermore, the variation of the residual bearing capacity with explosion yield was investigated. Finally, the evolution
mechanism of damage and failure of the entire bridge under multi-point explosions was discussed. The results show as follows.
(1) Under contact explosions, steel truss girder bridges are mainly characterized by localized member damage. For an explosive
charge of 100 kg, the overall bridge bearing capacity decreases by 29.8% and 18.0% when the explosion occurs on the side and
top surfaces of the upper chord member. The side explosion on the upper chord is the most unfavorable scenario. (2) As the

* 收稿日期： 2026-01-09；修回日期： 2026-03-05
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（52408555）
第一作者： 杜晓庆（1973－ ），男，博士，教授，dxq@shu.edu.cn
通信作者： 陈 德（1992－ ），男，博士，副教授，chende_0810@shu.edu.cn

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