Page 100 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第2期

第 46 卷 第 2 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 2
2026 年 2 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Feb., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2024-0324

陶瓷材料Ⅰ型动态断裂韧性的新型测试方法 *

蔡治城 ，许泽建 ，范昌增 ，武 刚 ，黄风雷 1
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（1. 北京理工大学爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室, 北京 100081；
2. 中国人民解放军 91550 部队 42 分队, 辽宁 大连 116021）
摘要： 基于霍普金森压杆技术，采用新设计的微型纯Ⅰ型断裂试样和配套夹具，提出了一种针对陶瓷材料的新型
动态断裂测试方法，试样的起裂时间由应变片法测得；对氧化铝陶瓷开展了不同加载速率下的动态断裂实验，采用实
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验-数值方法得到了材料的Ⅰ型动态应力强度因子曲线及动态断裂韧性。结果显示：随着加载速率从 0.45 TPa·m ·s −1
提高到 1.83 TPa·m ·s ，氧化铝陶瓷的Ⅰ型动态断裂韧性值由 8.39 MPa·m 1/2 增加至 15.76 MPa·m ，而起裂时间则随着
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加载速率的增加而不断提前。由断口分析可知，随着加载速率的增加，氧化铝陶瓷由沿晶断裂占主导的失效模式逐步
转变为以穿晶-沿晶相混合的断裂模式。这期间，更多的微缺陷被激活并扩展形成微裂纹，从而导致混合型断裂模式
的发生。材料失效模式的转变将引起更多的能量耗散，这是断裂韧性升高的根本原因。
关键词： 氧化铝陶瓷；动态断裂韧性；加载速率；分离式霍普金森压杆
中图分类号： O347.3; TB321; TG115.5+7 国标学科代码： 13015 文献标志码： A

A new test method for mode Ⅰ dynamic fracture
toughness of ceramic materials

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CAI Zhicheng , XU Zejian , FAN Changzeng , WU Gang , HUANG Fenglei 1
（1. State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of
Technology University, Beijing 100081, China;
2. No. 42 Team, No. 91550 Unit of PLA, Dalian 116021, Liaoning, China）
Abstract: To address the longstanding challenge of accurately evaluating the dynamic fracture toughness of ceramic
materials, a new mode I dynamic fracture testing method was developed based on the conventional split-Hopkinson pressure
bar (SHPB) technique. This approach introduced a miniature fracture specimen specifically designed to ensure pure mode I
loading, along with a custom fixture system that enabled stable and repeatable dynamic fracture experiments on alumina
ceramics with varying loading rates. The combined experimental-numerical method was used to obtain the variation of the
mode I dynamic stress intensity factor at the crack tip under different loading rates. Fracture initiation time was obtained with
high precision using the strain gauge method, allowing for the determination of mode I dynamic fracture toughness. To further
validate the accuracy of the measured fracture initiation time, high-speed photography was employed to capture the entire
failure process in real time and corroborate the onset of fracture of the tested specimens. The results show that as the applied
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loading rate increases from 0.45 TPa·m ·s to 1.83 TPa·m ·s , the dynamic fracture toughness of alumina ceramics rises
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significantly from 8.39 MPa·m to 15.76 MPa·m , indicating a pronounced strengthening effect induced by higher loading
rates. Meanwhile, the crack initiation time decreases notably with increasing loading rate. Fractographic analysis using
scanning electron microscopy reveals a clear fracture mode transition behavior. Under lower loading rates, the fracture of
* 收稿日期： 2024-09-02；修回日期： 2025-06-17
基金项目： 爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室基金项目（QNKT21-5）
第一作者： 蔡治城（2000－ ），男，硕士研究生，czcturbo@163.com
通信作者： 许泽建（1979－ ），男，博士，教授，xuzejian@bit.edu.cn

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