Page 134 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第01期

第 46 卷 第 1 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 1
2026 年 1 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jan., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2024-0388

RC 箱型结构内爆炸载荷特性和动力行为分析 *

李军润 ，卢永刚 ，冯晓伟 ，吴 昊 2
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（1. 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川 绵阳 621999；
2. 同济大学土木工程学院，上海 200092）

摘要： 爆炸冲击波在钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete，RC）箱型结构中难以向外自由扩散，经多次反射叠加后可加
剧结构的破坏。为全面探究 RC 箱型结构内爆炸载荷特性及其动力行为特征，通过复现完全密闭和半密闭（带泄爆口）
RC 箱型结构的内爆炸试验，验证了所采用有限元建模和分析方法的适用性。进一步，针对典型 RC 箱型结构和美国联
邦应急管理署规定的爆炸恐怖袭击类型，开展了 3 种爆炸威胁和 4 种泄爆面积下的内爆炸数值模拟分析，考察了结构
内壁面中心和内角隅处的载荷及其分布以及结构的动力行为特征。结果表明：泄爆面积对各特征点爆炸波峰值超压
的影响较小，而爆炸波冲量随泄爆面积的增大近似呈指数形式降低；结构内壁面的载荷分布受结构尺寸的影响显著，
呈内凹或 W 形；当泄爆系数从 0.457 增大至 1.220 时，墙板最大位移可降低 50% 以上；相较于超压准则，冲量准则可以
更准确地评估构件毁伤等级。最后，提出了考虑泄爆面积的冲量增强因子和毁伤增强因子计算方法，能够较好地预测
不同泄爆系数下的内爆炸载荷和结构动力行为。
关键词： 内爆炸；RC 箱型结构；载荷特性；动力行为
中图分类号： O389; TU375 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Analysis of internal explosion load characteristics
and dynamic behavior in RC box structures

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LI Junrun , LU Yonggang , FENG Xiaowei , WU Hao 2
（1. Institute of Systems of Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China;
2. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China）

Abstract: In a reinforced concrete (RC) box structure, the dissipation of blast waves is restricted, and damage to the structure
can be intensified due to multiple reflections. To thoroughly investigate the load characteristics and dynamic behavior of
internal explosions in an RC box structure, the applicability of the finite element method was verified by replicating internal
explosion tests on fully enclosed and semi-enclosed (with venting openings) RC box structures. Based on this, numerical
simulations of internal explosions were conducted for the prototypical RC box structure and the type of terrorist bombing
attacks specified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency under three explosion scenarios and four venting areas. The
influence of venting area on the load characteristics at the inner surfaces and corners, the load distribution on the inner surfaces,
and the time histories of displacement and velocity at the centers of the inner surfaces under internal explosion loads were
explored. Additionally, a formula for calculating the total impulse of the structure’s inner surface was proposed, considering
both the venting area and the spatial distribution of the impulse. The results show that the venting area has a negligible effect
on the overpressure, while the impulse decreases exponentially with increasing venting area. The load distribution
characteristics on the structure’s inner surface are significantly influenced by the structural dimensions, exhibiting an indented
or W pattern. The maximum displacement at the centers of walls and slabs is reduced by about 50% as the venting coefficient

* 收稿日期： 2024-10-17；修回日期： 2025-01-13
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（52078379）
第一作者： 李军润（1997－ ），男，博士研究生，lijunrun22@gscaep.ac.cn
通信作者： 卢永刚（1973－ ），男，博士，研究员，lygcaep@263.net

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