Page 115 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第01期

第 46 卷 第 1 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 1
2026 年 1 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jan., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2024-0455

3 种典型聚能装药对水中双层间隔靶的

侵彻特性研究 *

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张雪梅 ，谢兴博 ，钟明寿 ，顾文彬 ，赵长啸 1
（1. 陆军工程大学野战工程学院，江苏 南京 210007；
2. 武汉雷神特种器材有限公司，湖北 武汉 430200）
摘要： 为 了 选 择 适 合 水 中 大 距 离 非 接 触 性 侵 彻 毁 伤 的 聚 能 装 药 结 构 ， 针 对 爆 炸 成 型 弹 丸 （ explosively formed
projectile, EFP）、杆式射流（jetting projectile charge, JPC）、聚能射流（shaped charge jet, SCJ）3 种典型聚能装药结构，开展了
不同侵彻体入水前、着靶前、穿靶后的速度测试及对水中双层间隔靶的侵彻实验，建立了靶前水介质长度为 0～100 cm
时的水中侵彻数值计算模型，分析了靶前水介质长度对聚能装药水中毁伤元时序特性、水中前向冲击波压力峰值、水
中侵彻速度及水中双层间隔靶侵彻性能的影响。结果表明：3 种聚能装药侵彻水中间隔靶时，前向冲击波均先于侵彻
体到达靶板。随着水介质长度的增大，前靶板处的前向冲击波压力峰值呈线性下降，后靶板处的前向冲击波压力峰值
呈非线性下降；EFP、JPC 和 SCJ 速度呈非线性下降，其中 SCJ 靶前速度约是 JPC 靶前速度的 2 倍。在靶前水介质长度
不大于 25 cm 时，EFP 在前靶板上形成的最大穿孔直径达到了 5 cm，是 JPC 穿孔直径的 1.3 倍，是 SCJ 穿孔直径的 3 倍；
在靶前水介质长度不大于 100 cm 时，JPC 和 SCJ 对双层间隔靶具有较好的侵彻效果，且 JPC 的侵彻性能要优于 SCJ。
关键词： 典型聚能装药；前向冲击波；爆炸成型弹丸；杆式射流；聚能射流
中图分类号： O383 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

On penetration characteristics of three typical shaped charges
into double-layer spaced targets in water

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ZHANG Xuemei , XIE Xingbo , ZHONG Mingshou , GU Wenbin , ZHAO Changxiao 1
（1. College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China;
2. Wuhan Leishen Special Equipment Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, Hubei, China）
Abstract: To select the shaped charge structure suitable for large-distance non-contact penetration damage in water, three
typical shaped-charge structures, explosively formed projectile (EFP), jetting projectile charge (JPC), and shaped charge jet
(SCJ), were selected. The velocity tests of different penetrators before entering water, before hitting the target, and after
penetrating the target were carried out, and the penetration tests of double-layer spaced targets in water were conducted. Firstly,
a comparative test of penetration of three types of shaped charges in the air was carried out to verify the rationality of the
structure of shaped charges. The air explosion height of 35 cm was selected to meet the penetration requirements of the three
shaped charges. At the same time, the velocity of the shaped charges before penetrating water was measured, which provides
the basis for the underwater penetration test. Secondly, the penetration test of three types of shaped charges on an underwater
double-layer spaced target was carried out when the air height was 35 cm, and the length of the water medium in front of the
target was 20, 45, and 100 cm. The reflected pressures were measured by the wall pressure sensor and PVDF sensor. The
velocities of the penetrator at the time of water entry, before the target, and after the target were measured by double-layer on-

* 收稿日期： 2024-11-15；修回日期： 2025-02-27
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（12072372, 12102479）；陆军工程大学科技创新项目（KYGYZB002201）
第一作者： 张雪梅（1980－ ），女，博士研究生，高级工程师，meixueyitian@163.com
通信作者： 钟明寿（1983－ ），男，博士，副教授，109125659@qq.com

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