Page 180 - 《爆炸与冲击》2025年第12期

第 45 卷 第 12 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 45, No. 12
2025 年 12 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Dec., 2025

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0058

动态海缆抗多次冲击复合防护层设计

及力学性能研究 *

孙 勇，蒋招绣，王永刚

（宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室，浙江 宁波 315211）

摘要： 针对恶劣海况下动态海缆及其保护套与风机平台摩擦和碰撞导致的断裂问题，以具有高弹性、高缓冲性
能的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ethylene vinyl acetate, EVA）泡沫和橡胶为主体材料，设计了一种抗多次冲击复合防护
层。采用万能试验机和落锤开展了不同加载条件下多种相对密度的 EVA 泡沫材料的力学性能实验，揭示了相对密
度、应变率和多次加载对材料能量吸收特性的影响规律。基于 EVA 泡沫材料单位体积吸能率与待吸收的动态海缆动
能之间的匹配关系，讨论并确定最佳的防护层厚度尺寸，进而制作了复合防护层测试样件。随后，通过落锤冲击实验
研究了复合防护层在单次冲击和多次冲击条件下的缓冲吸能特性。实验结果表明：在单次冲击下复合防护层的峰值
力与最大位移随落锤质量与下落速度呈线性正相关，且能量吸收效率高达 85%；在多次冲击下复合防护层的力学性能
呈现显著稳定性，第 4 次冲击的最大位移较首次冲击仅增大了 5.5%，且能量吸收值和瞬时回弹率的波动幅度均小于
5%。复合防护层的独特力学性能可为动态海缆在恶劣海况下的长期使用提供有效保护。
关键词： EVA 泡沫；准静态压缩；动态压缩；能量吸收；电缆防护
中图分类号： O383; TB21 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Design and mechanical behaviors of an anti-shock composite protective layer
for offshore wind power dynamic cable

SUN Yong, JIANG Zhaoxiu, WANG Yonggang
（Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education,
Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China）

Abstract: To address the fracture problem of dynamic submarine cables and their protective sheaths caused by friction and
collision with wind turbine platforms under harsh sea conditions, a multi-impact resistant composite protective layer was
designed using ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) foam and rubber as the main materials, which possess high elasticity and excellent
cushioning properties. Mechanical property tests were conducted on EVA foam materials with various relative densities under
different loading conditions using a universal testing machine and drop hammer. Energy absorption efficiency, densification
strain, plateau stress and maximum specific energy absorption were introduced to characterize the mechanical properties of
EVA foam. The effects of relative density, strain rate and repeated loading on the energy absorption characteristics of EVA
foam were revealed. Based on the matching relationship between the energy absorption per unit volume of EVA foam and the
kinetic energy of dynamic submarine cables to be absorbed, the optimal thickness of the protective layer was determined, and
composite protective layer specimens were fabricated. Subsequently, drop hammer impact tests were performed to compare the
cushioning and energy absorption characteristics of the composite protective layer with other materials, preliminarily verifying

* 收稿日期： 2025-02-24；修回日期： 2025-04-11
基金项目： 宁波市重大科技任务攻关项目（2022Z188）
第一作者： 孙 勇（1999－ ），男，硕士研究生，sunyong2022@126.com
通信作者： 王永刚（1976－ ），男，教授，博士生导师，wangyonggang@nbu.edu.cn

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