Page 184 - 《爆炸与冲击》2025年第6期

第 45 卷 第 6 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 45, No. 6
2025 年 6 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jun., 2025

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2024-0395

慢速和快速滑移下断层颗粒夹层的黏性特性 *

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戚承志 ，吴思豫 ，班力壬 ，李晓照 ，KOCHARYAN Gevorg Grantovich 3
（1. 北京建筑大学土木与交通工程学院，北京 100044；
2. 北京建筑大学北京城市交通基础设施建设国际合作基地，北京 100044；
3. 俄罗斯科学院岩石圈动力学研究所，俄罗斯 莫斯科 119334）

摘要： 岩石断层颗粒夹层的黏性特性对断层的动力学行为具有重大影响，针对不同断层滑移速度下断层颗粒夹
层黏性系数的确定问题进行了理论研究。首先，对颗粒夹层的慢速剪切滑移，采用 Maxwell 松弛模型，得到了颗粒夹
层力链长度对于剪切应变率、剪切带的有效扩展速度、颗粒介质强度的关系，进一步获得了颗粒夹层剪切带的松弛时
间和颗粒介质的黏性系数表达式，建立了颗粒介质固-液力学行为转换的条件。与已有试验数据对比验证了本模型的
正确性。最后，对于高速的断层滑移剪切，颗粒介质运动具有湍流特征，应用统计物理学来描述断层中颗粒之间的相
互作用，得到了黏性系数与颗粒夹层剪切应变率成反比的结论。
关键词： 黏性；颗粒介质；断层；断层滑移速度
中图分类号： O369 国标学科代码： 13040 文献标志码： A

A study on the viscous characteristics of granular fault
gouge under low and high slip rates

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QI Chengzhi , WU Siyu , BAN Liren , LI Xiaozhao , KOCHARYAN Gevorg Grantovich 3
（1. School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and
Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;
2. International Cooperation Base for Transportation Infrastructure Construction,
Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;
3. Sadovsky Institute for Dynamics of Geosphere of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119334, Russia）

Abstract: The viscous characteristics of granular fault gouge significantly impact the dynamic mechanical behavior of faults,
yet the problem of determining the viscosity of these interlayers at different slip velocities remains unresolved. This article
presents theoretical research on this issue. The Maxwell relaxation model was employed to study the evolution of force chains
in granular fault gouge during slow shearing of granular gouge, and the dependence of force chain length on shear strain rate,
effective extension speed of shear bands, and strength of the granular medium was derived. The relaxation time of the shear
band in granular fault gouge, the expression for the viscosity coefficient of the granular medium, and the conditions for the
transformation of solid-liquid mechanical behavior of the granular medium were established. The validity of this model was
verified through comparison with existing experimental data. For high-speed fault slip shear, the motion of the granular
medium exhibits turbulent characteristics. Statistical physics was used to describe the interaction between granular particles in
granular fault gouge, and it was found that the viscosity coefficient is inversely proportional to the shear rate at high slip rates.
The research results have fundamental significance for understanding the viscous and other physico-mechanical properties of
granular gouge in faults.

* 收稿日期： 2024-10-18；修回日期： 2025-01-08
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（52438007，12172036）；北京建筑大学头雁项目（X24029）
第一作者： 戚承志（1965－ ），男，博士，教授，qichengzhi65@163.com

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