Page 80 - 《真空与低温》2026年第1期
P. 80
第 32 卷 第 1 期 真空与低温
2026 年 1 月 Vacuum and Cryogenics 77
变 重 力 条 件 下 低 温 推 进 剂 贮 箱 自 增 压 与 热 分 层
建 模 及 其 特 性 研 究
2
毛若曈 ,黄永华 ,高翔宇 ,李 鹏 ,孙培杰 2
1
1
1*
(1. 上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,上海 200240;
2. 上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海 201108)
摘要:低温推进剂贮箱会经历停放、升空、入轨、滑行、返回等过程,其间重力加速度水平发生显著变化。在
变重力加速度情况下,贮箱内气液两相介质的热力学状态是低温贮箱系统设计和运行最关心的内容之一。本文
通过 Python 编程构建了常重力和变重力条件下贮箱内部的传热及热力学模型,耦合了推进剂工质气相、液相以
及贮箱壁面区域,并结合 Crank-Nicolson 半隐式求解方法,实现了对贮箱内部自增压及热分层的准确预测,其中压
力计算值与实验值偏差均低于 3%,热分层计算结果偏差度在 1% 以内。仿真结果表明,在箭体变重力飞行过程中,
重力加速度动态变化显著影响贮箱热工特性。微重力下贮箱压力增长减缓,且重力加速度越接近零,压力增长速
率越小;恢复常重力时,压力上升迅速。气液相温度在重力变化阶段波动明显,在超重力和重力恢复段分别出现
小幅降低和升高,且越靠近气枕区上方温度变化更明显。在变重力条件下,液相与壁面的对流换热功率高于气相。
超重力向微重力过渡时,换热功率显著下降,且重力加速度趋近于零时功率最小值亦接近零。微重力恢复至常重
力过程中,气液相换热功率出现瞬间陡增后回落的现象,且初始重力越小波动幅度越大,这可能是导致系统内压
力与温度波动的主要原因。
关键词:推进剂贮箱;自增压;热分层;变重力;模拟;热特性
中图分类号:TB657 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7086(2026)01-0077-10
DOI:10.12446/j.issn.1006-7086.2026.01.010
Modeling and Analysis of Self-pressurization and Thermal Stratification in Cryogenic
Propellant Tanks under Variable Gravity
1 1* 1 2 2
MAO Ruotong ,HUANG Yonghua ,GAO Xiangyu ,LI Peng ,SUN Peijie
(1. Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;
2. Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai,Shanghai 201108,China)
Abstract:Cryogenic propellant tanks undergo multiple mission phases—such as ground hold,ascent,orbital
flight,coasting,settling,and re-entry—during which the gravitational acceleration can vary dramatically. The result-
ing changes in gravity have a strong influence on the thermal and thermodynamic behavior of the two-phase fluid in-
side the tank,which is critical for reliable design and operation of cryogenic storage systems. This work develops a compre-
hensive numerical model in Python to simulate heat transfer and thermodynamic processes within the tank under both con-
stant and varying gravity conditions. The model incorporates the gas phase,liquid phase,and tank wall regions in a fully inte-
grated framework and employs a Crank–Nicolson semi-implicit method to ensure numerical stability and accuracy. The simu-
lation accurately reproduces experimental observations,with pressure prediction errors below 3% and thermal stratification
deviations within 1%. Simulation results reveal that dynamic gravity variations substantially alter the tank’s thermal charac-
teristics: Pressure growth slows under microgravity;as the gravitational acceleration approaches zero,the pressurization rate
further diminishes,whereas once normal gravity is restored,the pressure rises rapidly. The gas and liquid regions experience
收稿日期:2025−11−16
基金项目:装备预先研究专用技术项目(3050602);“十四五”民用航天技术预先研究项目(第二批)(D04010);上海市东方英
才计划
作者简介:毛若曈,硕士研究生。E-mail:msissi@sjtu.edu.cn
通信作者:黄永华,博士,研究员,博士生导师。E-mail:huangyh@sjtu.edu.cn

