Page 54 - 《真空与低温》2026年第1期
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第 32 卷 第 1 期 真空与低温
2026 年 1 月 Vacuum and Cryogenics 51
无 人 机 机 载 液 氢 储 罐 热 力 耦 合 分 析 与 轻 量 化 改 进
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彭子昂 ，李晓刚 ，李永新 ，许张良 ，李荣凡 ，谭宏博 1*
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（1. 西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，西安 710049；
2. 陕西同尘和光低温科技有限公司，西安 710049）
摘要：液氢具有高能量密度和清洁无污染等优点，成为无人机产业关注的重点。液氢储罐作为液氢无人机的
核心部件，其绝热性能和自重对无人机续航和机动性影响巨大。本文通过有限元仿真方法，对某无人机液氢储罐
进行热力耦合分析，并对储罐进行轻量化改进。使用 LBL 模型计算该液氢储罐多层绝热结构的表观导热系数为
0.46 W/（m·K），并通过理论计算与仿真模拟得到储罐的漏热量分别为 1.13 W 和 1.26 W。当储罐充装液氮介质时，
仿真模拟的漏热结果为 1.03 W，与试验测试结果（0.98 W）的偏差为 5.10%，验证了仿真预测方法的可靠性。在满
载工况下对储罐进行了应力分析，最大应力和最大变形量分别为 66.94 MPa 和 0.27 mm；对四种危险工况进行了分
析，综合应力与变形结果认为紧急制动工况为危险工况，对其结构不连续位置进行应力校核，校核结果表明该储
罐的最大应力均低于许用值。基于响应面方法，拟合储罐应力与内容器壁厚之间的关系式，在给定的壁厚区间中
寻找不超过应力许用值的最小值。改进后储罐的内外容器壁厚分别为 0.80 mm 和 1.20 mm，可满足强度要求，其
空重从 11.31 kg 降至 9.77 kg，质量储氢比从 16.28% 提升至 18.38%。本研究可为无人机机载液氢储罐的结构优化
与设计提供理论参考。
关键词：无人机；液氢储罐；热力耦合分析；轻量化改进
中图分类号：TB657 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7086（2026）01-0051-11
DOI：10.12446/j.issn.1006-7086.2026.01.007
Thermodynamic Coupling Analysis and Light-weighting Improvement of Liquid Hydrogen Storage
Tanks for Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle
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PENG Zi’ang ，LI Xiaogang ，LI Yongxin ，XU Zhangliang ，LI Rongfan ，TAN Hongbo
（1. School of Energy and Power Engineering，Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710049，China；
2. Shanxi Tongchen Heguang Cryogenic Technology Co. Ltd.，Xi’an 710049，China）
Abstract：Liquid hydrogen，with its high energy density，clean and pollution-free properties，has become a key focus in
the unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） industry. As a core component of liquid hydrogen UAVs，the thermal insulation perfor-
mance and weight of liquid hydrogen tanks significantly impact the UAV's endurance and maneuverability. Finite element
methods were employed in this study to conduct a thermal-mechanical coupling analysis of a UAV liquid hydrogen tank and
proposes lightweight modifications for the tank. The LBL model was used to calculate the apparent thermal conductivity of
multi-layer insulation structure for the tank，which resulted in 0.46 W/（m·K）. Theoretical calculations and simulation results
yielded heat leakage values of 1.13 W and 1.26 W，respectively. When filled with liquid nitrogen，the simulated heat leakage
was 1.03 W，deviating by 5.10% from the experimental result of 0.98 W，thereby validating the reliability of the simulation
prediction method. Stress analysis conducted under full-load conditions revealed maximum stresses and deformations of
66.94 MPa and 0.27 mm，respectively. An analysis of four hazardous operating conditions was conducted. Based on the com-
bined stress and deformation results，the emergency braking condition was identified as hazardous. Stress verification was per-
formed at the structural discontinuity locations. The verification results indicate that the maximum stresses in the storage tank
during this condition remain below the allowable values. Using the response surface method，an equation was developed to
relate tank stress to the wall thicknesses of the inner and outer vessels. Within a specified range of wall thickness，the minimum
values that did not exceed the allowable stress limit were identified. The optimized inner and outer container wall thicknesses
收稿日期：2025−10−20
作者简介：彭子昂，硕士研究生。E-mail：2952856936@qq.com
通信作者：谭宏博，博士，教授。E-mail：hongbotan@xjtu.edu.cn
