Page 200 - 《武汉大学学报（信息科学版）》2025年第9期

第 50 卷 第 9 期 武 汉 大 学 学 报（ 信 息 科 学 版 ） Vol.50 No.9
2025 年 9 月 Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University Sept. 2025

引文格式：杨硕洁,陈庭 . 一种基于无人机影像的高精度地表形变提取方法[J]. 武汉大学学报（信息科学版）,2025,50(9):1928-
1938.DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240420
Citation：YANG Shuojie, CHEN Ting. A High-Precision Method for Extracting Surface Deformation Using UAV Images[J].
Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(9):1928-1938.DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240420
一种基于无人机影像的高精度地表形变提取方法

杨硕洁 陈 庭 1,2
1
1 武汉大学测绘学院，湖北 武汉，430079
2 武汉大学地球空间环境与大地测量教育部重点实验室，湖北 武汉，430079

摘 要：地表形变监测对于深入探究地质灾害的成因机制、演化特征以及构建综合风险预警系统具有重要意义。针对传
统摄影测量技术面临的人工识别地面控制点效率低下和精度不足的问题，提出一种基于无人机影像的高精度地表形变
提取方法。首先根据环形编码标志点的图像特征开发了一套精密的自动识别算法，高效捕捉无人机影像中编码标志点
的像平面坐标；然后利用编码标志点在形变前后两期无人机影像中的像平面坐标及地面控制点的物方空间坐标，通过地
表形变提取算法快速、准确地解算出地表形变信息；最后设计了无人机航测实验，并将所得结果与全站仪监测结果进行
对照分析，验证所提方法的可行性。实验结果显示，所提方法可达到亚厘米级精度，精度明显高于点云直接比对算法及
多尺度模型到模型点云比对算法，能够提取准确的地表形变信息，具有较高的实用价值和良好的应用前景。
关键词：形变监测；无人机影像；摄影测量；编码标志点；图像处理
中图分类号：P228 文献标识码：A 收稿日期：2024⁃11⁃11
DOI：10.13203/j.whugis20240420 文章编号：1671⁃8860（2025）09⁃1928⁃11

A High-Precision Method for Extracting Surface Deformation
Using UAV Images

YANG Shuojie CHEN Ting 1，2
1
1 School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
2 Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

Abstract： Objectives: Surface deformation monitoring is of great significance for deeply studying disaster
formation mechanisms and evolution characteristics, as well as for establishing an integrated risk-based ear⁃
ly warning system. Methods: To address the issues of low efficiency and limited accuracy in manually iden⁃
tifying ground control points in traditional photogrammetric methods, a high-precision method for ex⁃
tracting surface deformation using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images was proposed. First, a precise
automatic identification algorithm was developed to obtain the image coordinates of coded targets within
UAV images based on the characteristics of coded targets. Then, the deformation results were generated
quickly and accurately by using the image coordinates of coded targets in the UAV images captured before
and after deformation and the object space coordinates of the control points. Finally, total station survey
data were used as reference values to compare and verify the proposed method. Results: The experi⁃
ment results of UAV images validated that the proposed method can achieve sub-centimeter accuracy.
The precision of the proposed method is significantly higher than that of both the cloud-to-cloud com⁃
parison algorithm and the multi-scale model-to-model cloud comparison algorithm. Conclusions: The
proposed method can accurately extract surface deformation data, indicating strong practicality and signifi⁃
cant application potential.
Key words： deformation monitoring； UAV image； photogrammetry； coded target； image processing

基金项目：国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1503605）。
第一作者：杨硕洁，硕士，主要从事地表形变监测研究。sj.yang@whu.edu.cn
通信作者：陈庭，博士，副教授。tchen@sgg.whu.edu.cn