Page 89 - 《水产学报》2026年第01期

1 期 水 产 学 报 50 卷

表 6 马口鱼胚胎发育时序表
Tab. 6 Embryo developmental time schedule of the O. uncirostris
发育阶段 受精后时间 post fertilization time
development stage SS SN NS NN
卵裂期 cleavage stage
2细胞期 2-cell stage 52 min 1 h 2 min (+10 min) 1 h 9 min (+17 min) 1 h 31 min (+39 min)
4细胞期 4-cell stage 1 h 31 min 1 h 34 min (+3 min) 1 h 50 min (+19 min) 2 h 17 min (+46 min)
8细胞期 8-cell stage 1 h 44 min 1 h 52 min (+8 min) 2 h 14 min (+30 min) 2 h 43 min (+59 min)
16细胞期 16-cell stage 2 h 5 min 2 h 5 min 2 h 38 min (+33 min) 3 h 2 min (+57 min)
32细胞期 32-cell stage 2 h 26 min 2 h 35 min (+9 min) 3 h 3 min (+37 min) 3 h 38 min (+1 h 12 min)
64细胞期 64-cell stage 2 h 47 min 2 h 53 min (+6 min) 3 h 26 min (+39 min) 4 h 7 min (+1 h 20 min)
多细胞期 multi-cell stage 3 h 53 min 3 h 55 min (+2 min) 4 h 21 min (+28 min) 4 h 44 min (+51 min)
桑椹胚期 morula stage 4 h 26 min 4 h 34 min (+8 min) 4 h 54 min (+28 min) 5 h 21 min (+55 min)
囊胚期 blastula stage
囊胚早期 early blastula stage 4 h 52 min 4 h 56 min (+4 min) 5 h 39 min (+47 min) 6 h (+1 h 8 min)
囊胚中期 middle blastula stage 6 h 21 min 6 h 29 min (+8 min) 7 h 19 min (+58 min) 7 h 57 min (+1 h 36 min)
囊胚晚期 late blastula stage 7 h 18 min 7 h 25 min (+7 min) 9 h 20 min (+2 h 2 min) 9 h 49 min (+2 h 31 min)
原肠胚期 gastrula stage
原肠胚早期 early gastrula stage 8 h 30 min 8 h 45 min (+15 min) 10 h 24 min (+1 h 54 min) 10 h 56 min (+2 h 26 min)
原肠胚中期 middle gastrula stage 9 h 55 min 10 h 22 min (+27 min) 13 h 13 min (+3 h 18 min) 13 h 41 min (+3 h 46 min)
原肠胚晚期 late gastrula stage 12 h 1 min 12 h 23 min (+22 min) 14 h 39 min (+2 h 38 min) 15 h 13 min (+3 h 12 min)
神经胚期 neurula stage 13 h 18 min 13 h 45 min (+27 min) 16 h 9 min (+3 h 9 min) 16 h 44 min (+3 h 44 min)
胚孔闭合期 blastopore closed stage 14 h 34 min 15 h 7 min (+33 min) 17 h 47 min (+3 h 13 min) 18 h 14 min (+3 h 40 min)
器官发生期 organogenetic stage
肌节出现期 sarcomere appearance stage 15 h 49 min 16 h 25 min (+36 min) 20 h 20 min (+4 h 31 min) 20 h 57 min (+5 h 8 min)
眼基期 eye primordium stage 17 h 42 min 18 h 15 min (+33 min) 21 h 42 min (+4 h) 22 h 19 min (+4 h 37 min)
眼囊期 optic vesicle stage 18 h 10 min 18 h 45 min (+35 min) 22 h 8 min (+3 h 58 min) 22 h 49 min (+4 h 29 min)
尾芽期 tail bud stage 19 h 10 min 19 h 56 min (+46 min) 25 h 31 min (+6 h 21 min) 25 h 57 min (+6 h 47 min)
尾鳍褶出现期 caudal fin fold appearance stage 21 h 23 min 22 h 4 min (+41 min) 27 h 21 min (+5 h 58 min) 27 h 57 min (+6 h 34 min)
肌肉效应期 muscle effect stage 23 h 21 min 24 h 14 min (+53 min) 30 h 22 min (+7 h 1 min) 30 h 54 min (+7 h 33 min)
眼晶体出现期 eye lens appearance stage 26 h 32 min 27 h 12 min (+40 min) 32 h 45 min (+6 h 13 min) 33 h 17 min (+6 h 45 min)
心脏原基期 cardiac primordium stage 28 h 35 min 29 h 33 min (+58 min) 35 h 12 min (+6 h 37 min) 35 h 54 min (+7 h 19 min)
耳石出现期 otolith appearance stage 31 h 15 min 31 h 56 min (+41 min) 36 h 16 min (+5 h 1 min) 36 h 47 min (+5 h 32 min)
心跳期 heartbeat stage 33 h 21 min 34 h (+39 min) 37 h 28 min (+4 h 7 min) 38 h 56 min (+5 h 35 min)
孵出期 hatching stage 37 h 28 min 38 h 6 min (+38 min) 40 h 57 min (+3 h 29 min) 42 h 8 min (+4 h 40 min)
注：各个发育阶段的英文对照见图版的批注；括号内的数据是以SS组为基准，发育到相应阶段需要多耗费的时间。
Notes: The corresponding translation of every developmental stage can be found in the note of the Plate; data in parentheses are the additional time
required to reach the corresponding stage of development, using the SS group as a benchmark.

3 讨论 面，而对南方马口鱼和黑龙江马口鱼两个亚种的
群体差异和杂交育种却鲜有研究。经济动物的形
随着马口鱼养殖产业的发展，针对马口鱼的 态性状是育种工作关注的重要指标 ，对于不同
[16]
研究越来越多，主要集中在马口鱼的分类学地 地理群体形态差异较为相似的物种，仅通过对其
位 、生物学特性 [12-13] 、人工驯养和繁育 [14-15] 等方 表型描述对比，难以准确鉴定出具体差异，甚至
[11]
https://www.china-fishery.cn 中国水产学会主办 sponsored by China Society of Fisheries
8