Page 177 - 《水产学报》2025年第7期

杨梓静，等 水产学报, 2025, 49(7): 079513

Gong L, Wu Y H, Bai Y B L G, et al. Study on impact of water grass carp[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,

flow at fishway entrance on migratory behavior of juvenile 2016, 47(11): 89-93,106 (in Chinese).

Effects of hydrodynamic-schooling interaction on upstream migration
behaviour of juvenile Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

YANG Zijing 1,2,3 , LIN Chenyu 1,2,3* , SHI Xiaotao 1,2,3 , DING Haoyu 1,2,3 , LIANG Zezhang 1,2,3 ,
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4
SHI Shangshang 1,2,3 , LI Zhimin , RONG Guiwen , LUO Jia 1,2,3 , REN Kaiyuan 1,2,3
1. Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Crossing Dam Technology,
Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;
2. Three Gorges Reservoir Ecological Environment Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education,
Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;
3. Institute of Fish Conservation, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;
4. Three Gorges Smart Water Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200335, China;
5. School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China

Abstract: Elucidating the hydrodynamic-fish motion response relationship during the upstream migration of schooling fish is
fundamental for designing fish passage in hydropower infrastructure. The current study quantified the upstream movement pat-
terns of individual and group (ten individuals) juvenile Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, an economically significant fish species in
China, under the combined hydrodynamic-schooling influence in non-fatigued flow fields with varying turbulence levels. We
concluded that: ① In the low-turbulence flow field, individual juvenile H. molitrix achieved a 100% passing rate with an aver-
age time expenditure of (40±27) s, exhibiting uniform movement distribution without a clear velocity preference. ② Within the
locally high-turbulence flow field, individual juvenile H. molitrix tended to linger in areas of lower velocity and turbulence,
utilising the Kármán vortex street to minimise instantaneous energy cost, leading to a significantly increased time expenditure
[(84±54) s, P<0.001)]. ③ The swimming trajectories of juvenile H. molitrix in school were relatively concentrated, with the
attraction and guidance effects between neighbour fish promoting their linear formations along the primary flow. ④ In locally
high-turbulence flow field, the inter-individual repulsion effect of juvenile H. molitrix in school hindered their effective avoid-
ance of high-speed, high-turbulence flowing areas, causing impeded upstream movement, with passing rate dropping signific-
antly to 54% (P<0.05) and time expenditure extending to (88±12) s. The study indicates that the movement distribution of
juvenile H. molitrix during upstream migration is primarily influenced by the combined effects of flow velocity and turbulence
intensity, with a tendency to avoid high-turbulence areas. During schooling, the attraction and guidance between individuals
help optimize the upstream path and reduce energy expenditure, while the repulsion effect may decrease migration efficiency
and hinder the full utilization of favorable water flow conditions by individual fish. The findings offer theoretical foundations
and data support for optimising the design and enhancing the operational efficiency of fish passage by regulating fish school
size and developing characteristic flow fields.
Key words: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix; juvenile; hydrodynamic stimulation; flow field; fish schooling; fish passage facilit-
ies; upstream migration behavior
Corresponding author: LIN Chenyu. E-mail: linchenyu@outlook.com

Funding projects: National Natural Science Foundation of China (52179070, 52279069, 52279055); Hubei Provincial Natural
Science Foundation (2024AFB292, 2023AFA005); Scientific Research Fund of Three Gorges University (2024RCKJ016)

中国水产学会主办 sponsored by China Society of Fisheries https://www.china-fishery.cn
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