Page 61 - 《软件学报》2026年第1期
P. 61
58 软件学报 2026 年第 37 卷第 1 期
https://github.com/mudgen/diamond-2-hardhat
[40] Huang Y, Wu XY, Wang QQ, Qian ZA, Chen XP, Tang MD, Zheng ZB. The sword of damocles: Upgradeable smart contract in
Ethereum. In: Proc. of the 32nd IEEE/ACM Int’l Conf. on Program Comprehension. Lisbon: ACM, 2024. 333–345. [doi: 10.1145/
3643916.3644426]
[41] Bodell WE III, Meisami S, Duan Y. Proxy hunting: Understanding and characterizing proxy-based upgradeable smart contracts in
blockchains. In: Proc. of the 32nd USENIX Security Symp. Anaheim: USENIX Association, 2023. 1829–1846.
[42] Amri SAL, Aniello L, Sassone V. A review of upgradeable smart contract patterns based on open zeppelin technique. The Journal of the
British Blockchain Association, 2023, (6): 1–8. [doi: 10.31585/jbba-6-1-(3)2023]
[43] Ebrahimi AM, Adams B, Oliva GA, Hassan AE. A large-scale exploratory study on the proxy pattern in Ethereum. Empirical Software
Engineering, 2024, 29(4): 81. [doi: 10.1007/s10664-024-10485-1]
[44] Meisami S, Bodell WE III. A comprehensive survey of upgradeable smart contract patterns. arXiv:2304.03405, 2023.
[45] Liu Y, Li S, Wu XH, Li Y, Chen ZY, Lo D. Demystifying the characteristics for smart contract upgrades. arXiv:2406.05712, 2024.
[46] Salehi M, Clark J, Mannan M. Not so immutable: Upgradeability of smart contracts on Ethereum. In: Proc. of the 2022 Int’l Conf. on
Financial Cryptography and Data Security. Cham: Springer, 2022. 539–554. [doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-32415-4_33]
[47] Li XF, Yang J, Chen JQ, Tang YZ, Gao X. Characterizing Ethereum upgradable smart contracts and their security implications. In: Proc.
of the 2024 ACM on Web Conf. Singapore: ACM, 2024. 1847–1858. [doi: 10.1145/3589334.3645640]
[48] Yuan Y, Wang FY. Editable blockchain: Models, techniques and methods. Acta of Automatica Sinica, 2020, 46(5): 831–846 (in Chinese
with English abstract). [doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2020.y000002]
[49] Trabelsi H, Zhang KW. Early detection for multiversion concurrency control conflicts in hyperledger fabric. arXiv:2301.06181, 2023.
[50] Lehar A, Parlour CA, Zoican M. Liquidity fragmentation on decentralized exchanges. arXiv:2307.13772v5, 2023.
[51] Gamma E, Helm R, Johnson R, Vlissides J. Design patterns: Abstraction and reuse of object-oriented design. In: Proc. of the 7th
European Conf. on Object-oriented Programming. Kaiserslautern: Springer, 1993. 406–431. [doi: 10.1007/3-540-47910-4_21]
[52] Murray P, Welch N, Messerman J. ERC-1167: Minimal proxy contract. Ethereum improvement proposals. 2018. https://eips.ethereum.
org/EIPS/eip-1167
[53] MixBytes Team. Collisions of Solidity storage layouts. 2025. https://mixbytes.io/blog/collisions-solidity-storage-layouts
[54] Palladino S, Giordano F, Croubois H. ERC-1967: Proxy storage slots. Ethereum improvement proposals. 2019. https://eips.ethereum.org/
EIPS/eip-1967
[55] 0age. Metamorphic: A metamorphic smart contract proxy pattern. 2019. https://github.com/0age/metamorphic
[56] Mudge N. ERC-2535: Diamonds, multi-facet proxy. Ethereum improvement proposals. 2020. https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2535
[57] van Vulpen P, Heijnen H, Mens S, Kroon T, Jansen S. Upgradeable diamond smart contracts in decentralized autonomous organizations.
Frontiers in Blockchain, 2024, 7: 1481914. [doi: 10.3389/fbloc.2024.1481914]
[58] Stokes A, Dietrichs A, Ryan D, Swende MH, lightclient. EIP-4788: Beacon block root in the EVM. Ethereum improvement oroposals.
2022. https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4788
[59] Klinger P, Nguyen L, Bodendorf F. Upgradeability concept for collaborative blockchain-based business process execution framework.
In: Proc. of the 3rd Int’l Conf. on Blockchain. Honolulu: Springer, 2020. 127–141. [doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-59638-5_9]
[60] Benedetti A, Henry T, Tucci-Piergiovanni S. A comparative gas cost analysis of proxy and diamond patterns in EVM blockchains for
trusted smart contract engineering. In: Proc. of the 2024 Int’l Workshops on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. Willemstad:
Springer, 2025. 207–221. [doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-69231-4_14]
[61] Asif R, Hassan SR. Shaping the future of Ethereum: Exploring energy consumption in proof-of-work and proof-of-stake consensus.
Frontiers in Blockchain, 2023, 6: 1151724. [doi: 10.3389/fbloc.2023.1151724]
[62] Chen T, Li XQ, Luo XP, Zhang XS. Under-optimized smart contracts devour your money. In: Proc. of the 24th IEEE Int’l Conf. on
Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). Klagenfurt: IEEE, 2017. 442–446. [doi: 10.1109/SANER.2017.7884650]
[63] Krupa T, Ries M, Kotuliak I, Kostal K, Bencel R. Security issues of smart contracts in Ethereum platforms. In: Proc. of the 28th Conf. of
Open Innovations Association (FRUCT). Moscow: IEEE, 2021. 208–214. [doi: 10.23919/FRUCT50888.2021.9347617]
[64] Marchesi L, Marchesi M, Destefanis G, Barabino G, Tigano D. Design patterns for gas optimization in Ethereum. In: Proc. of the 2020
IEEE Int’l Workshop on Blockchain Oriented Software Engineering (IWBOSE). London: IEEE, 2020. 9–15. [doi: 10.1109/
IWBOSE50093.2020.9050163]
[65] Chen T, Feng YZ, Li ZH, Zhou H, Luo XP, Li XQ, Xiao XZ, Chen JC, Zhang XS. GasChecker: Scalable analysis for discovering gas-
inefficient smart contracts. IEEE Trans. on Emerging Topics in Computing, 2020, 9(3): 1433–1448. [doi: 10.1109/TETC.2020.2979019]
[66] Hu B, Zhang ZY, Liu JW, Liu YZ, Yin JY, Lu RX, Lin XD. A comprehensive survey on smart contract construction and execution:

