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软件学报 ISSN 1000-9825, CODEN RUXUEW                                        E-mail: jos@iscas.ac.cn
                 2026,37(1):34−61 [doi: 10.13328/j.cnki.jos.007446] [CSTR: 32375.14.jos.007446]  http://www.jos.org.cn
                 ©中国科学院软件研究所版权所有.                                                          Tel: +86-10-62562563



                                                *
                 智能合约可升级技术综述

                 郭    涛  1,3 ,    尚凤军  1 ,    刘曼宇  4 ,    刘期烈  2,3


                 1
                  (重庆邮电大学 计算机科学与技术学院, 重庆 400065)
                 2
                  (重庆邮电大学 通信与信息工程学院, 重庆 400065)
                 3
                  (重庆邮电大学 大数据智能计算重点实验室, 重庆 400065)
                 4
                  (河北工程大学 信息与电气工程学院, 河北 邯郸 056009)
                 通信作者: 刘期烈, E-mail: liuql@cqupt.edu.cn
                 摘 要: 智能合约作为一种自动执行的计算机交易协议, 广泛用于实现区块链网络中的各种业务逻辑. 然而区块链
                 严格不变性使得智能合约维护存在困扰, 关于智能合约的可升级性讨论成为热点研究问题. 致力于以可升级智能
                 合约为研究对象, 系统性地梳理可升级智能合约的国内外发展现状, 并介绍                       7  种主流的可升级智能合约模式. 将从
                 可升级智能合约、应用需求、升级框架与安全监管这                   4  个角度进行总结, 涵盖可升级智能合约的设计、实现、测
                 试、部署及运维多个阶段, 总结可升级智能合约的研究进展与未来挑战, 以期为区块链应用发展提供参考.
                 关键词: 区块链; 智能合约; 可升级技术; 升级框架; 安全监管
                 中图法分类号: TP311

                 中文引用格式: 郭涛, 尚凤军, 刘曼宇, 刘期烈. 智能合约可升级技术综述. 软件学报, 2026, 37(1): 34–61. http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-
                 9825/7446.htm
                 英文引用格式: Guo  T,  Shang  FJ,  Liu  MY,  Liu  QL.  Overview  on  Upgradeable  Smart  Contract  Technologies.  Ruan  Jian  Xue  Bao/
                 Journal of Software, 2026, 37(1): 34–61 (in Chinese). http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/7446.htm

                 Overview on Upgradeable Smart Contract Technologies
                        1,3
                                        1
                                                   4
                 GUO Tao , SHANG Feng-Jun , LIU Man-Yu , LIU Qi-Lie 2,3
                 1
                 (School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China)
                 2
                 (School  of  Communications  and  Information  Engineering,  Chongqing  University  of  Posts  and  Telecommunications,  Chongqing  400065,
                  China)
                 3
                 (Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China)
                 4
                 (School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056009, China)
                 Abstract:  Smart  contracts,  as  automatically  executed  computer  transaction  protocols,  are  widely  applied  in  blockchain  networks  to
                 implement  various  types  of  business  logic.  However,  the  strict  immutability  of  blockchain  poses  significant  challenges  for  smart  contract
                 maintenance,  making  upgradeability  a  prominent  research  topic.  This  study  focuses  on  upgradeable  smart  contracts,  systematically
                 reviewing  their  development  status  both  domestically  and  internationally,  and  introducing  seven  mainstream  upgradeable  contract  models.
                 The  research  is  summarized  from  four  key  perspectives:  upgradeable  smart  contracts,  application  requirements,  upgrade  frameworks,  and
                 security  oversight.  It  covers  multiple  stages,  including  design,  implementation,  testing,  deployment,  and  maintenance.  The  goal  is  to
                 provide insights and references for the further development of blockchain applications.
                 Key words:  blockchain; smart contract; upgradeable technology; upgrade framework; security oversight



                 *    基金项目: 国家留学基金委员会留学基金    (202407840001); 重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金    (CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0134); 重庆
                  邮电大学博士研究生创新人才项目        (BYJS202312)
                  收稿时间: 2024-10-31; 修改时间: 2025-01-11, 2025-02-28; 采用时间: 2025-04-11; jos 在线出版时间: 2025-08-20
                  CNKI 网络首发时间: 2025-08-20
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