Page 328 - 《软件学报》2021年第12期

软件学报 ISSN 1000-9825, CODEN RUXUEW E-mail: jos@iscas.ac.cn
Journal of Software,2021,32(12):3992−4024 [doi: 10.13328/j.cnki.jos.006490] http://www.jos.org.cn
©中国科学院软件研究所版权所有. Tel: +86-10-62562563

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RISC-V 指令集架构研究综述

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1,3
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刘 畅 , 武延军 , 吴敬征 , 赵 琛 1,3
1
(中国科学院 软件研究所 智能软件研究中心,北京 100190)
2 (中国科学院大学,北京 100190)
3 (计算机科学国家重点实验室(中国科学院 软件研究所),北京 100190)
通讯作者: 武延军, E-mail: yanjun@iscas.ac.cn

摘 要: 指令集作为软硬件之间的接口规范,是信息技术生态的起始原点.RISC-V 是计算机体系结构走向开放的
必然产物,其出现为系统研究领域带来了新的思路,即系统软件问题的研究深度可以进一步向下延伸至指令集架构,
从而拓展甚至颠覆软件领域的“全栈”概念.对近年来 RISC-V 指令集架构相关的研究成果进行了综述.首先介绍了
RISC-V 指令集的发展现状,指出开展 RISC-V 研究应重点关注的指令集范围.然后分析了 RISC-V 处理器设计要点
和适用范围.同时,围绕 RISC-V 系统设计问题,从指令集、功能实现、性能提升、安全策略这 4 个方面,论述了
RISC-V 处理器基本的研究思路,并分析了近年来的研究成果.最后借助具体的研究案例,阐述了 RISC-V 在领域应用
的价值,并展望了 RISC-V 架构后续研究的可能切入点和未来发展方向.
关键词: RISC-V;架构设计;处理器;性能优化;系统安全
中图法分类号: TP316

中文引用格式: 刘畅,武延军,吴敬征,赵琛.RISC-V 指令集架构研究综述.软件学报,2021,32(12):3992−4024. http://www.jos.
org.cn/1000-9825/6490.htm
英文引用格式: Liu C, Wu YJ, Wu JZ, Zhao C. Survey on RISC-V system architecture research (in Chinese). 2021,32(12):
3992−4024. http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/6490.htm

Survey on RISC-V System Architecture Research
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LIU Chang , WU Yan-Jun , WU Jing-Zheng , ZHAO Chen 1,3
1
(Intelligent Software Research Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)
2
(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)
3
(State Key Laboratory of Computer Science (Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Beijing 100190, China)
Abstract: ISA (instruction set architecture) is the interface specification between software and hardware, which is also the origin point
of an information technology ecosystem. RISC-V is the inevitable product of computer architecture gradually moving towards openness.
It brings a new paradigm for system research, i.e. software research issues can be tracked down to ISA, which expands or even subverts
the traditional full-stack design theory on the system function, performance, security and other issues, showing a promising development
prospect. This paper reviews the research results of RISC-V architecture in recent years. Firstly, the development status of RISC-V
instruction set is introduced, and the scope of instruction set that should be paid attention to in RISC-V research is pointed out. Then, the
current RISC-V CPU platforms, particularly RISC-V processors are analyzed, and the design points and application scope are summarized.
Then, focusing on the design of RISC-V CPU, this paper discusses four fundamental research topics: instruction set, function
implementation, performance improvement and security strategy, and reviews some research results in recent years. Finally, with the help
of some specific cases, this paper expounds the role of risc-v in specific domains, analyzes the possible future directions of RISC-V
research.

∗ 基金项目: 中国科学院先导专项(XDC05040000)
Foundation item: Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (XDC05040000)
收稿时间: 2021-06-28; 修改时间: 2021-08-22, 2021-09-28; 采用时间: 2021-11-01