Page 52 - 摩擦学学报2025年第9期

1306 摩擦学学报（中英文） 第 45 卷

Simultaneously, the impact toughness of sample with thickness of 7.5 mm was more than 30 J, indicating that the
prepared two martensite steels possessed ultrahigh strength and good toughness. The high strength was attributed to the
addition of more Ti content in 1# steel and more Nb content in 2# steel, which presented the precipitation strengthening
and refinement strengthening, respectively. Meanwhile, the additions of Ni and Cr were conductive to the low
temperature impact toughness. Additionally, with the load increased from 10 N to 50 N, the mass loss increased
obviously, while the mass loss of steel at 90 N was less than that at 50 N. During the reciprocating wear test, the wear
resistances of two steels were similar at lower loads of 10 and 50 N, but difference of wear resistance appeared at higher
load of 90 N. When the hardness increased by about 7%, the wear degree was reduced by 13.6% at 90 N. Moreover, the
depth of the hardening layer increased monotonously with the increase of load, and the severe plastic deformation layer
was only observed at loads of 50 and 90 N of 1# steel with lower hardness. Furthermore, with the decrease of load, the
wear mechanism changed from the original combination of oxidizing wear and adhesive wear to abrasive wear and
adhesive wear. With regard to the friction coefficient, it varied within 0.66~0.80 under different loads of the two types of
steels, and it also increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of load. More importantly, the average influence
factor caused by the load change was 1.294, which was much higher than that caused by the hardness change. Therefore,
compared with the hardness, the friction coefficient was obviously more sensitive to the load, and the sensitivity degree
increased with the increase of the load. Finally, on the one hand, high load reduced the friction coefficient, leading to the
decrease of the absolute stress of. On the other hand, high load increased the contact center pressure, resulting in the
increase of the absolute stress value of . Thus, the influences of applied load and friction coefficient on the contact stress
were competitive, and the competitive relationship between these two aspects determined the ultimate stress state of the
system. In this paper, the applied load played a major role in determining the contact stress. The phenomenon that the
loss of wear decreased with the increase of load under high load might be related to this process.
Key words: low-alloy high-strength martensite wear-resistant steel; on-line quenching; wear mechanism; Hertzian
contact stress; friction coefficient

低合金马氏体耐磨钢由于良好的耐磨性和强韧 磨损性能差异，重点分析了2种钢在滑动磨损环境中
性而广泛应用于冶金机械、建筑机械和采矿设备等工 的摩擦学性能和磨损机制.
[1]
程机械领域 . 离线淬火+回火处理是目前传统马氏体
耐磨钢常用的工业生产线路，但存在生产周期长、排 1 试验材料和方法
[2]
放多和成本高等缺点 . 近年来，随着淬火工艺的开发 在线淬火制备的2种超高强马氏体钢的化学成分
以及水冷装备和板型控制技术的不断进步，工程师和 列于表1中，根据合金元素含量的不同分别记为1#钢
学者们提出了在线淬火工艺并将其应用于低合金耐 和2#钢. 2种钢在实验室真空感应炉中冶炼并浇筑成
磨钢的工业生产. 相对于离线淬火，在线淬火工艺省 50 kg钢锭，然后在二辊轧机上进行多道次轧制，最终轧
去了钢板离线淬火再加热进行奥氏体化的流程，具有 制成8 mm厚的钢板，随后进行在线淬火处理：在880 ℃
生产周期短、排放量少和成本低等显著优点 [3-4] ，目前
保温30 min后淬火至室温，之后在180 ℃保温90 min
[5]
已成为钢铁材料的研究热点之一. 邓想涛等 报道了在
回火处理，降低钢中内应力.
线淬火形成的马氏体板条具有较为一致的取向，可以有

[6]
效阻止裂纹的扩展，提高耐磨钢强度. 李灿明等 发现 表 1 试验钢种化学成分
在线淬火工艺会细化马氏体块，同时保留控制轧制塑 Table 1 Chemical compositions of the experimental steels
性变形过程中的位错等缺陷，从而提高耐磨钢硬度. 已 Steel Mass fraction/%
C Si Mn Ti V Mo B Cr Ni Nb Fe
有大量研究证实了在线淬火处理可以提高低合金耐磨
1# 0.37 0.34 1.19 0.065 0.39 0.35 0.002 ̶ ̶ ̶ Bal
钢的强度和硬度，但主要集中于低级别耐磨钢 [7-9] ，较 2# 0.38 0.35 1.21 0.021 0.36 0.35 0.002 0.25 0.68 0.015 Bal
高级别如NM550和NM600耐磨钢的研究报道较少，其
磨损行为还需进一步深入研究. 在Instorn-3382拉伸机上进行拉伸试验，应变速率
–1
–3
因此，本文中基于在线淬火技术制备了屈服强度 为2.5×10 s ；利用JM-300B型冲击试验机测试钢的
和抗拉强度分别在1 450和1 850 MPa以上的2种高强 冲击韧性，由于板厚限制，加工7.5 mm×10 mm×55 mm
马氏体耐磨钢，比较二者化学成分、力学性能和摩擦 的试样进行“V”型缺口夏比冲击试验，测试温度为