Page 125 - 摩擦学学报2025年第9期

第 9 期 张欣悦, 等: 有序纤维增强水凝胶的构建及其力学、摩擦学性能研究 1379

(1. School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221116, China;
2. School of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221116, China)
Abstract: Hydrogels with high water content, excellent permeability and biocompatibility are widely used in the
biomedical field. However, traditional hydrogels often present a trade-off between mechanical strength and lubrication
performance, making it challenging to meet the stringent demands of high-toughness applications, such as substitutes for
cartilage and skin. In this study, a kind of ordered structure reinforced 3PC-C gel with high water content, high strength,
low friction and fatigue resistance was developed through molecular network design, combined with temperature field
induced orientation and fiber reinforcement technology. This hydrogel featured a staggered, orderly oriented honeycomb
network structure with dense porosity, exhibiting significant enhancements in mechanical properties: a compressive
strength of 10.1 MPa, compressive modulus of 7.5 MPa, tensile strength of 11.4 MPa, tensile modulus of 28.6 MPa and
3
fracture toughness of 34 MJ/m . Furthermore, the orderly staggered network structure and the inclusion of CF provided
efficient channels for liquid extrusion, supplying lubrication to the friction surfaces and reducing the coefficient of
friction to 0.038 —a reduction of 18% compared to the unoriented 3PC-C gel (0.046). And the friction coefficient
exhibited a trend of decreasing first and then increased with increased load and progressively reduced with increased
sliding speed. Moreover, the enhanced structured 3PC-C gel also demonstrated excellent resistance to crack propagation
and compressive fatigue, along with improved tribological stability. After enduring one million fatigue compression
cycles, its compressive strain only reduced by 1.9% (14.0%-15.9%), significantly lower than that of unoriented
hydrogels [unoriented 3CF (18.5%~20.8%)] and 0CF 3PC-C gel (21.1%~22.24%). These results further validated that
the CF and the staggered orderly structure significantly enhance the mechanical energy dissipation, self-recovery, and
dynamic load-bearing capacity of the composite hydrogel. In conclusion, the ordered structure reinforced 3PC-C gel,
with its superior mechanical strength and tribological performance, presented promising new applications in biomedicine
and soft material devices.
Key words: hydrogel; ordered structure; CF; high strength; low friction

水凝胶作为1种三维亲水性聚合物，其含水量高、 因此，通过分子网络设计，结合温度场诱导定向
渗透性和生物相容性优异，在生物医学领域具有广泛 和纤维增强技术，开发1种高含水、高强度、低摩擦以

的应用 [1-3] . 然而，传统水凝胶的交联方式单一，往往机 及抗疲劳性的有序结构增强PVA-PAA-PAAm-CF复合
械性能较低，制约了水凝胶的发展. 近几十年来，基于 水凝胶(PVA-PAA-PAAm-CF composite hydrogel, 3PC-
能量耗散机制或结构优化方法 [4-6] ，国内外研究学者开 C gel)，该水凝胶具有交错有序取向的蜂窝状网络结
展了大量研究工作，例如通过增强聚合物链段的柔韧 构，表现出优异的网络规整性、交联点自由度以及聚
性和网络交联点的自由度等，开发出一系列高强韧水 合物链柔韧性和刚性，充分发挥了PVA、PAA和PAAm
凝胶 [7-12] . 尽管大多数水凝胶性能得到了显著提升，但 网络的高弹性和高韧性，此外有序取向的CF在网络结
目前开发可以满足更恶劣条件要求的高强韧水凝胶， 构中充当强的刚性骨架作用，在能量耗散和抗变形方
例如软骨和皮肤的替代品仍然是1个很大的挑战. 面发挥着重要作用，使复合水凝胶表现出更高的机械
软骨和肌肉等生物软组织具有有序的分层微/纳 强度和更优的摩擦学性能，从而拓展了水凝胶在生物
米纤维结构，表现出较高的机械性能，受此启发，向水 医学领域以及软生物设备中的新兴应用，如承重人工
凝胶中引入有序纤维结构，可以实现高含水、高承载 组织、水凝胶生物微电子、医疗器械上坚固的水凝胶
和低摩擦水凝胶的可控构建. 研究表明，将有序纤维 涂层以及水凝胶软机器人.
结构掺入水凝胶中可以显著增强水凝胶的抗疲劳断
裂能力，提高水凝胶的高强韧特性，例如通过机械训 1 试验部分
练 [13-14] 、电场/磁场诱导 [15-16] 、定向冷冻 [17-18] 以及预拉 1.1 试验材料
伸 [19-20] 等技术可以有效构建各向异性微观结构，其中， 试验所用材料列于表1中.

定向冷冻由于其对各种聚合物的通用适用性而被广 1.2 交错定向3PC-C gel的制备及优化
泛使用，并且与其他工艺例如低温聚合 [21-22] 、溶剂替 (1) CF的表面功能化
[18]
代 [23-24] 、盐析 [17, 25] 或退火 相结合形成具有有序排列 首先对CF进行硝酸-超声协同改性，以获得富含
的多孔结构，提高了水凝胶的机械性能. 活性基团的改性mCF (modified carbon fiber, mCF)，提