Page 40 - 《摩擦学学报》2020年第4期
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第 40 卷     第 4 期                        摩  擦  学  学  报                                  Vol 40   No 4
            2020  年 7  月                                 Tribology                                    Jul, 2020

            DOI: 10.16078/j.tribology.2019180



                            轴承内部润滑油分布及回流的试验

                                                  观察与研究




                                                       *
                                                 梁  鹤 , 张  宇, 王文中
                                           (北京理工大学 机械与车辆学院，北京 100081)

                摘   要: 润滑是轴承良好工作性能和长寿命的重要保证，而球-滚道接触区外润滑油层的分布直接决定了接触区内
                润滑油膜的形成. 本文作者搭建了基于轴承模型的试验台，将轴承外圈替换成玻璃环，从而利用光学方法实现对钢
                球与外圈滚道形成的接触区及其附近润滑油层分布的直接观测和测量. 本文作者重点探究了供油量、速度等工况参
                数和润滑油黏度等物化特性对接触区附近润滑油分布和回流的影响规律，结果表明气穴变化与回流特征均受供油
                量、速度和润滑油黏度影响.
                关键词: 轴承; 润滑; 光学方法; 气穴; 回流
                中图分类号: TH117.2                  文献标志码: A                   文章编号: 1004-0595(2020)04–0450–07


                  Experimental Observation and Investigation of oil Distribution

                            and Replenishment in a Rolling Bearing Model


                                                   *
                                         LIANG He , ZHANG Yu, WANG Wenzhong
                           (School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
                 Abstract: Lubrication plays a much important role for good working performance and long lifetime of rolling bearings.
                 The distribution of lubricating oil layer out of the contact zone of ball-raceway directly determines the formation of
                 lubricating film in the contact zone. In this paper, a rolling bearing model test rig was set up with a glass outer ring so
                 that the oil layer distributed on the inner surface of the outer ring could be directly observed and measured by optical
                 methods. This paper focused on exploring the influence of oil supply volume, speed and oil viscosity on the oil
                 distribution and replenishment. The results show that both cavitation and reflow characteristics were affected by oil
                 supply volume, speed and oil viscosity.
                 Key words: bearing; lubrication; optical method; cavitation; replenishment

                                                                   [1]
                随着人类对外太空的不断探索，轴承在航天领域                          56% . 而实际中也存在微量供油即可长时间工作的
            的应用也变得越来越广泛. 航天轴承转速从每分钟零                           轴承. 通常我们用接触区内润滑油膜厚度来衡量轴承
            点几度到每分钟几万转，运动方式包含低速圆周运                             润滑状况. 而接触区内的油膜厚度由接触区外直接供
            动、中高速圆周运动及摆动等. 轴承的工作性能和寿                           油或回流(replenishment)情况决定，如果供油不充分，就
            命与润滑息息相关：据统计，实际应用中因润滑不良                            会发生乏油，导致润滑油膜厚度减小，甚至润滑失效.
            导致的滚动轴承磨损失效和腐蚀约占总体失效的                                  国内外研究者针对点接触弹流润滑中润滑剂的


            Received 8 October 2019, revised 1 March 2020, accepted 9 March 2020, available online 28 July 2020.
            *Corresponding author. E-mail: lianghe@bit.edu.cn, Tel: +86-10-68911404.
            The  project  was  supported  by  the  National  Natural  Science  Foundation  of  China  (51805031,  U1637205)， National  Key  R&D
            Program of China (2018YFB2000604) and Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology (SKLTKF18A01).
            国家自然科学基金项目(51805031, U1637205), 国家重点研发计划(2018YFB2000604)以及摩擦学国家重点试验室开放基金
            (SKLTKF18A01)资助.
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