Page 64 - 《高原气象》2025年第6期

高 原 气 象 44 卷
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Study on Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of
Lightning on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in Summer 2019-2023

AN Jianghao 1， 2， 3 ， CHEN Sheng ， HU Zeyong 1， 2
1， 2
（1. Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering， Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，
Chinese Academy of Sciences， Lanzhou 730000， Gansu， China；
2. Nagqu Plateau Climate and Environment Observation and Research Station of Tibet Autonomous Region， Northwest Institute
of Eco-Environment and Resources， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Nagqu 852000， Xizang， China；
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100049， China）

Abstract： The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau， due to its high altitude， exhibits unique lightning and convective activi‐
ty compared to lower-altitude regions. Using the ‘Group’ data from the Lightning Mapping Imager （LMI） on
the Fengyun-4A satellite， a statistical analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of lightning activity on the pla‐
teau was conducted for the summers （June to August） from 2019 to 2023. The results reveal significant geograph‐
ical variations in lightning frequency across the Plateau， with high-frequency areas predominantly located in the
eastern， central （north of the Himalayas， in and around the city of Nagqu）， and southern （south of Shannan and
Linzhi） regions. In terms of temporal distribution， lightning activity is most prevalent in June and July. Specifi‐
cally， June sees concentrated lightning activity in the eastern and southern regions， while July experiences an in‐
crease in the central region and a shift of activity in the eastern region towards the southeast and northeast. By Au‐
gust， lightning activity decreases in the eastern region but increases in the southern and central regions. Regard‐
ing the daily distribution， the evening and night hours ［18:00 （Beijing Time， same as after） to 03:00 the next
day］ are identified as the peak periods for lightning activity on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. During the daytime，
the intensity of lightning radiation exhibits a 'double-peak' characteristic， frequently exceeding 400 μJ∙m ∙ster .
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Conversely， at night， the intensity of lightning radiation generally follows a 'single-peak' pattern， usually re‐
maining below 400 μJ∙m ∙ster . Notably， the intensity of lightning radiation is significantly higher during the
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day than at night. Most lightning events recorded were less than 100 μJ∙m ∙ster ， with a five-year average of
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67. 13%. In terms of daily trends， lightning activity in the central and eastern parts of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
shows similar patterns， with peaks occurring around 20:00 -21:00 and 02:00. In contrast， the southern part of
the Plateau experiences peak activity around 05:00 -06:00. The highest lightning activity across all three regions
was observed in July， with the southern region displaying more activity in August compared to June and July，
unlike the central and eastern regions. This study reveals the spatiotemporal distribution of lightning activity on
the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau， providing a scientific basis for better understanding climate change and disaster pre‐
vention in the region.
Key words： Qinghai-Xizang Plateau； lightning activities； spatio-temporal distribution； lightning number； inten‐
sity of light radiation