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                          Characterisation of Long-term Changes in Photolysis Rate

                                 in Beijing based on Observation and Simulation



                                                                                  1
                                LI Chunyan , ZHAO Shuman , WU Shumin , LIU Kun ,HU Bo ,
                                                                                          2
                                                           3
                                                                       2, 4
                                          1, 2
                     (1. College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu  610225, Sichuan, China;
                         2. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics,
                                           Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing  100029, China;
                          3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou  253000, Shandong, China;
                        4. School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin  150030, Heilongjiang, China)
             Abstract: To investigate the evolutionary patterns of atmospheric photochemical parameters and the influence
             mechanisms of aerosols in Beijing, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of nitrogen dioxide pho‐
             tolysis  rate  J(NO)  and  explored  the  impacts  of  aerosols  on  J(NO)  based  on  near-surface  observations  of  J
                                                                         2
                             2
             (NO) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation in Beijing from September 2018 to August 2019, combined with radiative
                  2
             transfer model TUV simulations and aerosol optical parameter analysis. Additionally, this study reconstructed a
             long-term photolysis rate dataset from 2013 to 2023 to further reveal the correlation between long-term trends

             and aerosol characteristics. The results show that the diurnal variation of J(NO) exhibits a typical unimodal pat‐
                                                                                 2
             tern, with the peak generally occurring during the noon period [12:00 -13:00,(Local Time , the same as af‐
             ter)], directly influenced by changes in solar zenith angle. The daytime maxima of J(NO) in summer are 1. 9
                                                                                           2
                                                                 -3
                                                  -3
             times those in winter, measuring 5. 65×10  s  and 2. 95×10  s , respectively, indicating significantly enhanced
                                                                   -1
                                                    -1
             photolysis rates in summer due to higher solar radiation intensity. Seasonal variations follow the order: summer
                                                                                        -3
                                                                    -1
                                                                                          -1
             (3. 77×10  s ) > spring (3. 51×10  s ) > autumn (2. 97×10  s ) > winter (2. 25×10  s ), driven by seasonal
                        -1
                      -3
                                           -3
                                              -1
                                                                  -3
             changes in solar radiation intensity and the combined effects of increased summer precipitation. Furthermore, an
             estimation model for J(NO) constructed using the UV clear-sky index (K ) and the cosine of solar zenith angle
                                     2
                                                                             UV
             demonstrated a linear correlation coefficient of 0. 99 between calculated and observed values, with a mean rela‐
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