Page 168 - 《高原气象》2022年第6期

6 期 林 纾等：冬季全国性寒潮识别标准及其气候变化特征 1531

Identification Criteria of Nationwide Cold Wave and Its

Climate Change Characteristics in Winter

1
1
2
LIN Shu ，HUANG Pengcheng ，LU Guoyang ，LI Hongying ，DUAN Xinyu ，WANG Rui 1
1
1
（1. Lanzhou Regional Climate Center，Lanzhou 730020，Gansu，China；
2. Jiuquan Meteorological Bureau，Jiuquan 735000，Gansu，China）
Abstract：This paper developed national criteria for nationwide cold wave and dry and wet characteristics based
on the daily the minimum temperature and precipitation data of 1995 meteorological stations over China in winter
from 1961 to 2016. The climatic characteristics of 106 nationwide cold waves in winter were analyzed. Firstly，
the winters of 1960s was a period of frequent national cold waves，followed by a slow decrease. Secondly，De‐
cember is the most prone to suffer cold waves. Thirdly，the frequency of the cold waves process lasting 2 to
3 days accounted for 95%，and the longest duration could be 5 days. Central Inner Mongolia，the southern North‐
east China，northern Shaanxi and northern Shanxi were the most affected areas of the national cold waves，and
most of the eastern China was the secondary affected area. Along the Tianshan Mountains，Shaanxi，Gansu，
Ningxia，Qinghai and most of North China，the west-southwest areas，as well as Henan province were easy to
suffered cold waves in 24 hours with a ratio of 40%. Most of east China suffered cold waves in 48 hours with a ra‐
tio of 30%. Northeast China，central Inner Mongolia，Northern Xinjiang，southern East China and northern
Lingnan were more likely to suffer cold waves in 72 hours. There were 21 strong cold waves occurred at most in
1960s and then in 2000s. Super cold waves occurred only 3 times，which was often generated in 48 or 72 hours
and the last was in January 1980. Notably，both the two kinds of cold waves as mentioned above had a duration
of 2 to 3 days. Dry and relatively dry cold wave processes tended to generate in December and January，and wet
and relatively wet processes tended to generate in February，both for a proportion of 60%. The characteristics of
the major strong cold waves were dry process but of the super cold wave were not obvious.
Key words：Nationwide cold wave；identification criteria；the characteristics of dry and wet；extremeness；spa‐
tial-temporal characteristics