Page 94 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第11期

第 46 卷 第 11 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 11
2026 年 11 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Nov., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0312

头部锥角对弹体高速入水流场变化特性的影响 *

李 腾，高贵山，姚伟光，仇 洋，胡顺治，桂毓林，何 雨，郑晓波

（中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川 绵阳 621999）

摘要： 弹体高速入水过程中会发生空化现象形成空泡，引起流场变化，进一步影响弹体运动稳定性。针对不同头
部锥角双锥段弹体穿越自由液面后的流场变化影响特性展开研究，基于电磁发射装置进行弹体高速入水试验，采用重
叠网格技术和流体域体积（volume of fluid，VOF）多相流模型建立弹体高速入水数值模型并展开计算，通过试验验证了
数值模型的有效性，获取了不同头型弹体垂直入水后的流场变化特性。研究发现：双锥段弹体垂直入水后，空泡对称
发展，空泡面闭合后，总长度增大，最大宽度逐渐减小；随着弹体空化器头部锥角的增大，弹体入水初期空泡闭合、表
面沾湿的位置向尾部靠近，空泡轮廓越宽，入水瞬间和水中运动时的阻力也越大，速度衰减越快，空泡发生面闭合的时
间越迟，水中运动同一时刻，弹体尾空泡的长度越长，水域内涡结构的长度越短。
关键词： 高速入水；空泡；弹体；头型
中图分类号： O352 国标学科代码： 13025 文献标志码： A

Effect of head cone angle on flow field variation
during high-speed projectile water entry

LI Teng, GAO Guishan, YAO Weiguang, QIU Yang, HU Shunzhi, GUI Yulin, HE Yu, ZHENG Xiaobo
（Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China）

Abstract: During the high-speed water entry of a projectile, cavitation occurs, forming a cavity bubble that alters the flow
field and subsequently affects the projectile’s motion stability. Our study investigates the characteristics of flow field changes
after double-cone projectiles with different head cone angles traverse the free surface. High-speed water entry experiments
were conducted by using an electromagnetic launch device, and a numerical simulation model of high-speed water entry was
established basing on the overset mesh technique and the volume-of-fluid multiphase flow model. The validity of the
simulation model was verified through experiments, and the flow field characteristics after the vertical water entry of
projectiles with different head types were obtained. The research findings are as follows: After the vertical water entry of a
double-cone projectile, the cavity bubble develops symmetrically. Following surface closure of the cavity bubble, its total
length increases while its maximum width gradually decreases. As the head cone angle of the projectile's cavitator increases:
during the initial entry phase, the closure point and wetted surface position move closer to the tail; the cavity contour becomes
wider; the resistance experienced at the moment of entry and during underwater motion increases, leading to faster velocity
decay; the time of surface closure for the cavity bubble is delayed. At the same moment during underwater motion, the longer
the length of the tail cavity bubble, the shorter the length of the vortex structures within the water domain.
Keywords: high-speed water entry; cavity bubble; projectile; head type

现代海战水下对抗愈演愈烈，为实现对敌水下目标的有效攻击，利用空投或火箭助飞的方式发射高
速入水导弹武器是一种现实可行方法，具有作战距离远、隐蔽性好和突防效果佳的特点。然而弹体高速

* 收稿日期： 2025-09-28；修回日期： 2025-11-13
基金项目： 中物院院长基金（YZJJZL2024019）
第一作者： 李 腾（1999－ ），男，硕士，工程师，liteng201606@163.com
通信作者： 郑晓波（1986－ ），男，博士，高级工程师，zxb3710@163.com

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