Page 188 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第11期

第 46 卷 第 11 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 11
2026 年 11 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Nov., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0355

甲烷-空气爆燃驱动的爆炸荷载模拟装置研发Ⅱ：

爆炸波演化规律与加载方案设计 *

李 展，方 秦，颜海春，相恒波，刘明君

（陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾全国重点实验室，江苏 南京 210007）

摘要： 针对传统爆炸荷载模拟装置危险性高、成本较高、模拟荷载种类受限等问题，基于已有试验装置，研发安
全、经济、适用于原型或大比例尺试验的甲烷-空气爆燃驱动爆炸荷载模拟装置。采用 CFD 软件 OpenFOAM 建立大尺
寸管道内甲烷-空气爆燃数值计算模型，并通过试验数据验证其有效性；数值模拟分析了气云长度、泄爆条件和障碍物
布置等参数对超压荷载特性的影响，揭示了装置内爆炸波传播与火焰演化机制，确定了优化的加载技术方案。研究表
明，建立的数值模型可合理预测大尺寸管道内甲烷-空气爆燃的超压-时程和空间分布；增大气云长度、合理设置近点
火点的障碍物可显著增强装置内燃气爆燃强度，侧向泄爆可得到较高的爆炸荷载并有效分离压力波和火焰，避免加载
面处的高温干扰；最终提出了基于 4 个障碍物（障碍率为 1×50%+3×25%，间距为 3 m）及可变气云长度（1.5～6 m）的爆炸
荷载模拟加载方案。试验验证表明产生的超压荷载峰值与数值预测结果的误差小于 12%，荷载均匀性良好，重复性
高，可用于 RC（reinforced concrete）板等构件的抗爆性能试验。
关键词： 爆炸荷载模拟装置；甲烷-空气；爆燃驱动；爆炸波
中图分类号： O382; TU362 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Development of a methane-air deflagration-driven blast wave simulator Ⅱ:
blast wave evolution and experimental design

LI Zhan, FANG Qin, YAN Haichun, XIANG Hengbo, LIU Mingjun
（State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact,
Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China）

Abstract: The design of blast wave simulators for prototype or large-scale engineering structures and components must
carefully balance safety, cost, and performance. To address this challenge, a blast wave simulator driven by methane-air
deflagration was developed in this study. Numerical models of methane-air deflagration in large-scale tubes were established
using the CFD software OpenFOAM and validated against experimental data. On the basis of the validated model, numerical
simulations were performed to investigate the effects of gas cloud length, venting conditions, and obstacle configurations on
overpressure loads, thereby revealing the mechanisms of blast wave and flame propagation in the methane-air deflagration-
driven simulator. A testing scheme was subsequently proposed to generate different levels of blast loading. The results show
that the developed numerical model can reasonably predict the overpressure time histories and spatial distributions of gas
explosions in large-scale tubes. In the simulator, increasing the gas cloud volume and placing obstacles near the ignition zone
of the driven section can significantly intensify the deflagration of methane-air mixtures. Moreover, side venting effectively
separates the pressure wave from the flame, thereby preventing high-temperature effects in the loading area. An optimized
loading configuration was proposed, in which four obstacles (1×50% blockage ratio and 3×25% blockage ratio, spaced at 3 m

* 收稿日期： 2025-11-03；修回日期： 2026-01-15
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（52278544，52008392）
第一作者： 李 展（1990― ），男，博士，副教授，lz.9008@163.com
通信作者： 方 秦（1962― ），男，博士，教授，fangqinjs@139.com

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