Page 179 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第10期

第 46 卷 第 10 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 10
2026 年 10 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Oct., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0071

内爆炸荷载下钢筋混凝土单房间的抗爆性能 *

刘洁宁，汪 维，李奕硕，徐赵威，周永旺

（宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室，浙江 宁波 315211）

摘要： 为了研究内部爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土单房间的抗爆性能，设计并建造了全尺寸（4 m×4 m×3 m）钢筋混
凝土单房间建筑物，并在房间内几何中心放置 3 kg TNT 进行内爆炸试验，分析单房间结构的损伤特征。此外，结合 LS-
DYNA 软件对钢筋混凝土单房间结构进行不同炸药当量的数值仿真，研究了单房间建筑物的损伤过程和冲击波传播
规律，并且基于试验和模拟结果，使用无量纲加权参数 D r 划分了单房间结构的破坏模式。研究发现：3 kg 炸药在房间
结构几何中心爆炸时，单房间结构出现顶板鼓包的现象，顶板边缘出现长条形破口，门口处有裂纹，但整体未垮塌；在
内爆炸工况下，钢筋混凝土建筑物的局部损伤特征不仅与炸药当量密切相关，还显著受到结构连接节点设计及构造细
节的影响；由于钢筋混凝土动态响应的整体时程较长，在建筑物尚未对上一次冲击波做出明显反应时，下一波冲击波
已作用于建筑物，使其在极短时间内多次受冲击，这与通常意义的多次累计爆炸有所区别；通过改变装药量，划分出
5 种损伤逐级加重的破坏模式，以加权参数 D r 量化定义划分了 5 种破坏模式，并且拟合了其与炸药当量的函数曲线。
关键词： 剪力墙；内部爆炸；抗爆性能；破坏模式；钢筋混凝土建筑物
中图分类号： O383 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Blast resistance of reinforced concrete single room under
internal explosive load

LIU Jiening, WANG Wei, LI Yishuo, XU Zhaowei, ZHOU Yongwang
（Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of education, Ningbo University,
Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China）

Abstract: In order to study the anti-explosion performance of a single-room reinforced concrete building under internal
explosion loads, a full-scale reinforced concrete single-room building, whose dimensions were 4m×4m×3m, was designed and
constructed. For the internal explosion test, 3 kg TNT was placed in the geometric center of the room. Sensors were installed at
the center of the shear wall and roof to record data and analyze the damage characteristics of the single-room structure. In
addition, an anti-explosion numerical model of the reinforced concrete single-room structure was established and verified using
the LS-DYNA software. The weight of the explosives in the numerical model was changed to study the damage process and
shock wave propagation law of the single-room building. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the damage modes
of the single room structure were categorized by the dimensionless weighted parameter D , and relevant empirical formulas
r
were obtained through data fitting. The results show that when 3 kg TNT explodes in the geometric center of the room
structure, the single-room structure exhibits roof bulging, with long cracks appearing along the roof edges. However, the whole
structure does not collapse; Under the internal explosion condition, the local damage characteristics of reinforced concrete
buildings are not only closely related to the explosive yield, but also significantly affected by the design of structural
connection nodes and structural details; Due to the delayed dynamic response of reinforced concrete, the next shock wave has

* 收稿日期： 2025-03-10；修回日期： 2025-05-09
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（11302261，11972201）
第一作者： 刘洁宁（2000－ ），男，硕士研究生，18067439227@163.com
通信作者： 汪 维（1983－ ），男，博士，教授，wangwei7@nbu.edu.cn

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