Page 17 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第10期

第 46 卷 第 10 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 10
2026 年 10 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Oct., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0352

辐照-预应力和冲击耦合作用下金属硬化和脆化

规律与微观机理实验研究进展 *

叶想平，王 静，杨兴据，吴凤超，耿华运，胡建波，俞宇颖，汤铁钢

（中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室，四川 绵阳 621999）

摘要： 反应堆在服役过程中，其大量结构金属在预应力条件下受到高能粒子的辐照，同时还可能遭遇不可预知的
冲击载荷，导致结构金属的力学性能发生显著退化，降低反应堆的安全性与可靠性。然而，现有研究大多仅单独关注
辐照或冲击效应对金属力学性能的影响规律与机理，较少研究辐照金属动力学的退化行为，更是极少考虑预应力这种
典型工况的耦合影响效应。本文总结和评述了辐照、预应力和冲击载荷耦合作用下金属硬化与脆化性能的变化规律
与微观机理实验研究现状，指出了当前研究中存在的不足与诸多挑战，并对后续研究应重点关注的科学问题和亟待突
破的技术瓶颈等提出了意见和建议。希望为反应堆延寿与新型先进反应堆研发等大型国家工程建设涉及的辐照-预
应力条件下金属硬化和脆化规律与机理研究提供科学依据与研究方法。
关键词： 辐照损伤；预应力；应变率；力学性能；微观机理
中图分类号： O389; O346.1 国标学科代码： 13035; 13015 文献标志码： A

Experimental advances in hardening, embrittlement and micro-mechanisms
of metals under coupled irradiation, pre-stress and impact loading

YE Xiangping, WANG Jing, YANG Xingju, WU Fengchao, GENG Huayun,
HU Jianbo, YU Yuying, TANG Tiegang
（National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics,
China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China）

Abstract: During service, numerous structural metals in nuclear reactors are subjected to high-energy particle irradiation
under prestressed conditions and may also experience unpredictable impact loads. These conditions can lead to significant
degradation of the mechanical properties of structural metals, including irradiation hardening, irradiation embrittlement,
irradiation swelling, and irradiation creep, thereby reducing reactor safety and reliability. However, existing studies have
predominantly focused on the effects of either irradiation or impact loading on the mechanical properties and deformation
mechanisms of metals. A limited number of studies have investigated the degradation behavior of irradiated metals under
dynamic loading, whereas the coupled effect of prestress, which is a typical reactor service condition, has been considered even
less frequently. The current status of experimental research on the hardening and embrittlement behavior and underlying
micromechanisms of metals subjected to the coupled effects of irradiation, prestress, and impact loading is reviewed and
summarized. Shortcomings and major challenges in current research are identified, and perspectives and recommendations are
proposed regarding the key scientific issues requiring further attention and the critical technological bottlenecks that must be
overcome in future studies. Specifically, the following issues should be addressed: (1) the necessity and sufficiency of the

* 收稿日期： 2025-10-28；修回日期： 2026-05-12
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（12475285，12105272，12202418）
第一作者： 叶想平（1986— ），男，博士，副研究员，yxpxiaogao13@163.com
通信作者： 汤铁钢（1974— ），男，博士，研究员，ttg1974@163.com

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