Page 152 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第10期

第 46 卷 赵小华，等： 水下接触爆炸作用下混凝土拱板的毁伤特性 第 10 期

(2) 药量与跨度影响拱板剥落碎片的质量分布。随着爆炸荷载的增大，混凝土表面在冲击波的作用
下被直接压碎，产生了更多的小体积碎块；而跨度增大使得冲击波的作用面积增大，扩大了破坏范围，更
易形成大块碎片。
(3) 通过与试验结果的对比，所建数值模型的准确性得到了验证。基于仿真分析发现，拱板的辐射
状裂纹由拉应力引起，冲击波在拱板底部反射后形成拉应力波，混凝土产生拉伸破坏；环状裂纹的产生，
是剪切应力与拉应力对两侧拱腰共同作用的结果。
(4) 随着 TNT 等效药量从 0.4 g 增大至 1.6 g，环形破碎带由跨中局部区域扩展至贯穿拱板，拱板动能
峰值呈非线性增大；随着跨度的增大，拱板两端破坏逐渐减小，但由于大跨度拱板受到更多的冲击波冲
量，跨中区域破坏范围向拱端扩展。

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