Page 105 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第9期

第 46 卷 任 杰，等： 不同直径钨纤维增强金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹自锐行为及侵彻/穿甲性能 第 9 期

investigated systematically integrated with related penetration test results and mesoscopic finite element (FE) simulation
analysis. The two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) meso-scale FE geometric models of WF/MG composite long
rod projectile were established according to the actual distribution characteristics of metallic glass matrix and tungsten fibers.
A coupled ‘thermo-mechanical-free volume’ constitutive model was applied to characterize the high shear sensitivity as well
as high strength of metallic glass matrix. Moreover, the transformation of deformation and failure modes of projectiles under
different impact velocities was analyzed in detail. Related analysis demonstrated that due to the differences in the mechanical
properties among the tungsten fibers with different diameters, i.e., bending resistance and shear resistance, etc., the
corresponding composite long rod projectile exhibit different failure characteristics during the penetration process, which
further affects their penetration/perforation performance. The impact velocity also plays an important role on the deformation
and failure modes of composite long rod projectile and the corresponding penetration/perforation performance. When the
impact velocity is relatively low, the fibers in the nose of composite rod projectile exhibits unstable buckling phenomenon and
gradually disperse during the penetration process, which makes the projectile nose blunt at a certain extent. This induces
the increase in the penetration resistance and decrease in the penetration performance. As the impact velocity increases, small-
diameter fibers reflux along the nose periphery while large-diameter fibers fail in shear. The large-diameter fiber further
strengthens the self-sharpening behavior as well as the penetration performance of projectile. When the impact velocity
and fiber diameter reach a certain upper threshold values, the thickness of ‘edge layer’ in the rod nose is sharply reduced, and
thus the self-sharpening performance is weakened, and the penetration capability of projectile is decayed again. Related
research is beneficial to predicting the penetration/perforation performance of WF/MG composite long rod projectiles with
different fiber diameters under different impact velocities, and optimizing the structural design of projectile as well as the
impact velocity, etc.
Keywords: tungsten fiber/metallic glass composite long rod; penetration/perforation; self-sharpening; fiber diameter; failure
mode; finite element simulation

[1]
在动能穿甲弹中，贫铀弹在侵彻/穿甲过程中会产生自锐现象，从而降低侵彻阻力 。但贫铀材料会
[2]
对人员和环境造成放射性危害 。钨合金弹体在穿甲过程中易发生弹头镦粗现象，致使穿甲阻力增
大 。在新型穿甲材料的研发中，钨纤维增强金属玻璃（tungsten fiber/metallic glass, WF/MG）复合材料，以
[3]
下均简称为复合材料，受到广泛关注 。研究发现，由于金属玻璃基体极高的剪切敏感特性 [5-8] 使其表现
[4]
[9]
出侵彻/穿甲自锐特性，复合材料弹体侵彻/穿甲能力较钨合金弹得到显著提升。Conner 等 和 Choi-Yim 等 [10]
开展了复合材料弹体高速侵彻铝靶和钢靶的试验，研究其在高应变率条件下的力学行为。陈小伟等 [11]
开展了复合材料弹体侵彻 45 钢靶的穿甲试验，利用金相分析对材料失效模式进行了识别和分类，并与
材料静动态试验数据进行了比较，讨论了自锐剪切失效的机理。Chen 等 [12] 开展大尺寸复合材料长杆弹
侵彻 Q235 钢靶的侵彻/穿甲试验，对残余弹体进行了宏、细观观测，研究弹体材料的失效破坏模式，发现
复合材料弹体在高速侵彻时具有头形自锐能力，表现出优异的侵彻/穿甲性能；雷波 [13] 开展了复合材料
弹体和钨合金弹体正/斜侵彻/穿甲 30CrMnMo 装甲钢靶的对比试验，发现复合材料弹体发生显著自锐行
为，在正/斜撞击条件下的侵彻/穿甲性能均显著优于钨合金弹。荣光等 [14] 和 Rong 等 [15] 对侵彻试验之后
的复合材料残余弹体进行了显微结构分析，发现弹头区域金属玻璃基体的破碎和钨纤维的大角度弯曲
及断裂都局限在头部边缘层局部狭小区域内，弹体质量消蚀由头部至尾部按边缘层逐层连续进行。夏
龙祥 [16] 开展了复合材料分段弹体侵彻试验，并与复合材料长杆弹侵彻性能进行对比，还分析了护套、分
段间隔和分段隔片等结构特征对复合材料弹体侵彻性能的影响。Du 等 [17] 开展了 5 种不同长径比复合
材料弹体的侵彻试验，对比分析了弹体在不同长径比下的侵彻行为，并总结了弹体侵彻效率同其长径比
和撞击速度之间的关系。Zhou 等 [18-19] 在分析复合材料残余弹体形貌的基础上，进一步结合弹坑区域靶
材的硬度反推出侵彻过程，并分析了靶材碎裂特征及相应的碎片形貌。吴烁罡等 [20] 对比分析了复合材
料弹体和钨合金弹体侵彻 45 钢靶之后弹坑周围靶材的硬度及高硬度区的金相特征，发现复合材料弹体

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