Page 188 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第8期

第 46 卷 纪文涛，等： 氢气/钛粉两相体系爆炸强度参数的变化规律 第 8 期

explosion vessel. The experimental matrix covers hydrogen volume fraction ranging from 0% to 30% and titanium dust mass
3
concentrations from 100 to 700 g/m . Specifically, titanium dust concentrations were tested at seven discrete levels (100, 200,
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300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 g/m ), while hydrogen volume fractions were selected at eight critical values (4%, 5%, 10%, 15%,
20%, 25%, 29%, and 30%). Dynamic parameters, including explosion pressure and rate of explosion pressure rise, were
synchronously recorded. Furthermore, the phase composition and surface chemical states of explosion residues were
characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This integrated approach provides
in-depth insights into the macroscopic evolution of explosion intensity with varying gas-solid ratios and elucidates the
underlying microscopic reaction mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate that hydrogen volume fraction critically
modulates explosion severity. The explosion pressure exhibits a characteristic three-stage dependence on hydrogen volume
fraction: it initially decreases, reaching a minimum at 4% H , subsequently increases to a maximum at 29% H , and finally
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2
declines at higher volume fractions. Correspondingly, the maximum rate of pressure rise rate decreases to its lowest value at
4% H before increasing continuously up to 30% H . The maximum explosion pressure shows an analogous trend, peaking at
2
2
29% H after an initial reduction, while the maximum rate of pressure rise reaches its minimum at 4% H and peaks at 30% H .
2 2 2
Residue analysis indicates that at low hydrogen volume fraction (＜4%), incomplete oxidation of titanium predominates,
thereby reducing explosion intensity. Beyond the critical threshold of 4% H , hydrogen self-combustion promotes titanium-
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nitrogen reactions and facilitates the transition from heterogeneous to homogeneous combustion, significantly enhancing
explosion severity. This investigation provides fundamental insights into the explosion dynamics of hydrogen/titanium dust
mixtures and delivers essential parameters for risk assessment and safety mitigation in related industrial applications.
Keywords: titanium powder; hydrogen; two-phase system; explosion pressure; explosion pressure rise rate

氢气作为一种低碳、高效、可再生的清洁能源，是人类社会“深度脱碳”的重要选择 [1-3] 。但氢气具
有易氢蚀、密度低、易扩散、易燃爆等特点，导致其储运成本和安全风险过高，严重制约了氢能的利用。
因此，氢气的高效、安全储运是氢能应用的关键。固态金属储氢技术具有储氢密度高、安全性好、吸放
[4]
氢速度稳定等优势 ，是目前最具应用前景的储氢技术之一 。在常见的金属储氢材料中，钛基金属储氢
[5]
材料因其储氢密度高（质量分数为 4%）、原材料来源广泛、成本低廉等优势而备受关注。然而，在基于氢
化钛（TiH ）可逆反应的钛基固态储氢技术应用过程中，即 TiH 的制备以及释氢过程中，容易形成氢气与
2
2
钛金属粉尘共存的两相体系。此外，随着工业流程的复杂化与集成化，氢气/钛粉两相体系也广泛存在于
钛金属制备、加工等环节。若因操作失误或设备故障引发爆炸，极易造成较大的人员伤亡和财产损失。
例如，2010 年美国 AL Solutions 公司发生爆炸事故，该事故最初由金属工具作业时产生的机械火花引燃
悬浮的钛锆粉尘云引发，但在随后的消防扑救过程中，水基灭火系统与高温钛锆粉尘发生剧烈反应，生
成大量氢气，最终诱发氢气与钛锆粉尘发生耦合爆炸，导致事故扩大，最终导致 3 人死亡，1 人受伤 。因
[6]
此，探索氢气/钛粉两相体系的爆炸特性与机理，对相关领域的安全防护设计具有重要意义。
爆炸强度参数是反映介质爆炸特性的关键参数，同时也是涉爆场所危险区域划分、通风系统设计、
防爆设备选型、安全操作规程制定、风险评估管理以及应急方案制定的重要依据，主要包括爆炸压力
（p ）、爆炸压力上升速率（(dp/dt) ）和爆炸指数等。目前，学者们已经对单相氢气和钛粉爆炸强度参数变
ex ex
化规律进行了大量研究，基本明确了不同条件下单相氢气和钛粉爆炸强度参数的变化规律 [7-15] 。但是，
氢气和钛粉两相体系的爆炸过程是一个耦合了氢气均相燃烧与钛粉异相燃烧的复杂过程，且受实际生
产过程中氢气和钛粉粉尘浓度动态变化的影响，氢气和钛粉两相体系的爆炸特性更加复杂。目前，已有
学者针对氢气/镁粉和氢气/铝粉两相体系爆炸强度进行了初步探究 [16-26] ，但鉴于钛粉自身特殊的物化属
性及燃爆特性，已有氢气/镁粉、氢气/铝粉两相体系爆炸特性的研究结果可为探究氢气/钛粉两相体系提
供参考，但不能作为依据。尽管已有学者开展了氢气/钛粉两相体系爆炸强度参数变化规律研究 [27-29] ，但
相关研究选取的氢气和钛粉粉尘浓度范围有限，难以全面反映氢气/钛粉两相体系爆炸强度参数的变化
规律。

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