Page 7 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第3期

第 46 卷 杜 冰，等： 基于电磁Hopkinson杆系统的恒应力比动态拉伸/压缩-扭转复合试验装置及方法 第 7 期

Capacitor bank
Control system &
digital delay generator V
380 V ~ Tension-discharge circuit 1 Light

Light
Specimen Cameras
Capacitor bank
Pulley & keyway V
Free Clamp 380 V ~ Torsion-discharge circuit 2
section section
SG-1 SG-2

Specimen
500 mm 700 mm 2 800 mm Rod (4 000 mm, Ø25 mm)

(a) Schematic diagram of the device
Cable line Cable line
Cable line
Cable line Input flange Input flange Worm shaft
Worm shaft
Active coil Active coil Transformer E-release clamp
O-ring O-ring Thyristor
Bore seal
Oil seal Oil seal Bore seal Capacitor Bridge ~380 V
rectifier
Bearings Bearings Inductive coil Active coil
Active coil
Active coil Incident bar Worm gear Incident bar Worm gear Nameplate Nameplate Bolt
Inductive coil Flange Inductive coil Flange Bearings Nut Belleville
Bearings
Inductive
Spring
Pressure bar Pressure bar Inductive coil Gear box supporter Gear box
Inductive coil
Active
Incident bar
Oil seal Oil seal supporter
Tension
Compression Compression Tension
(c) Photo of the torque device
(b) Compression/tension pulse
(b) Compression/tension pulse (c) Photo of the torque device (d) Schematic and photo of the
shape generator [21] shape generator [21] electromagnetic-release set-up [23]
Transformer
E-release clamp
Thyristor
Capacitor Bridge ~380 V
rectifier
Inductive coil Active coil
Bolt
Nut
Inductive Belleville
supporter spring
Active
Incident bar supporter
(d) Schematic and photo of the
electromagnetic-release set-up [23]

图 1 电磁 Hopkinson 拉/压-扭杆
Fig. 1 Electromagnetic Hopkinson tension/compression-torsion bar (ESHT/C-T or B)

1.2 拉伸/压缩梯形波形成原理
在 Liu 等 [23] 的研究中，拉伸/压缩加载采用的是 ESHB 系统中经典的正弦应力波。然而，由于正弦波
在动态加载过程中难以维持稳定的拉/压-扭应力比例，导致材料的力学响应可能出现偏离预期的行为。
为解决该问题，Wang 等 [25] 提出了一种基于多电路连续放电的改进装置，该装置通过构建多个 RLC 充放
电电路，并采用延时触发与顺序放电策略，基于傅里叶变换原理，将 ESHB 系统中先后产生的多个半正
弦应力波合成为一个双线性波（如梯形波）。相比于传统正弦波加载，这种梯形波加载方式能够有效提

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