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第 46 卷 第 7 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 7
2026 年 7 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jul., 2026
DOI:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0243
基于电磁 Hopkinson 杆系统的恒应力比
动态拉伸/压缩-扭转复合试验装置及方法 *
杜 冰,岳一凡,刘 震,丁 翼,王维斌,刘琛琳,郭亚洲,李玉龙
(西北工业大学航空学院,陕西 西安 710072)
摘 要 : 为 解 决 材 料 动 态 复 合 加 载 过 程 中 实 现 稳 定 应 力 比 的 难 题 , 基 于 电 磁 Hopkinson 杆 ( electromagnetic split
Hopkinson bar, ESHB)平台开发了一种新型装置,实现了单边同步动态拉/压-扭复合加载。阐述了装置的构型与加载原
理,该装置可以独立产生梯形拉伸/压缩应力波和扭转应力波。通过精度达 0.1 μs 的数字延时发生器确保了加载的同
步性,可将不同类型波到达试样的时间差控制在 5 μs 内,克服了波速不同带来的挑战。此外,还分析了同步控制方法
及波的传播历程。为验证该装置,对 CoCrFeMnNi 高熵合金试样进行了动态拉-扭实验。实验结果证明了该装置的高
可靠性和有效性,加载过程中可以实现试样达到约 1.7 的稳定应力比。更重要的是,实验证明,梯形波加载能显著提升
动态复合加载中的应力比稳定性,效果远超正弦波加载。该实验方法使研究材料在复杂应力状态(高应变率、多轴加
载)下的动态力学响应成为可能,稳定应力比加载的成功实现,为精准表征动态多轴条件下材料的屈服准则与失效机
制开辟了新途径。
关键词: 电磁 Hopkinson 杆;动态加载;多轴加载;恒定应力比
中图分类号: O347.3 国标学科代码: 13015 文献标志码: A
Constant stress-ratio dynamic tension/compression-torsion testing device
and method based on electromagnetic Hopkinson bar system
DU Bing, YUE Yifan, LIU Zhen, DING Yi, WANG Weibin, LIU Chenlin, GUO Yazhou, LI Yulong
(School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: In the field of material dynamic mechanical properties research, it is significant to obtain reliable data of materials
under complex stress states. To address the challenge of achieving a stable stress ratio during combined loading, this work
developed a novel device based on the electromagnetic Hopkinson bar (ESHB) platform. This device uniquely enables
unilateral synchronous tension/compression-torsion combined dynamic loading. The paper detailed the device’s configuration
and loading principles. The core innovation of this device is the independent generation of trapezoidal tensile/compressive and
torsional stress waves. A multi-circuit pulse shaper produced tensile/compressive waves, while shear waves were generated
using an electromagnetic clamp with torque storage. Crucially, a high-precision digital delay generator (DDG) ensured wave
synchronization. With triggering accuracy within 0.1 μs, it controlled the arrival time difference of these distinct waves at the
specimen to within 5 μs. This overcame the challenge posed by their different propagation velocities. Additionally, it described
the synchronization control methodology and the wave propagation analysis essential for timing calculations. To validate the
apparatus, dynamic tension-torsion experiments were conducted on CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy specimens. The results
* 收稿日期: 2025-08-10;修回日期: 2025-11-04
基金项目: 国家重大科技专项(J2019-VIII-008-0169);国家自然科学基金(U2241274,12261131505);高等学校学科创新引
智计划(BP0719007)
第一作者: 杜 冰(1996- ),男,博士研究生,daniel_dubing@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
通信作者: 李玉龙(1961- ),男,博士,教授,liyulong@nwpu.edu.cn
071001-1

