Page 163 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第6期
P. 163
第 46 卷 第 6 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 6
2026 年 6 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jun., 2026
DOI:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0100
高速破片撞击燃油箱导致的燃油喷溅特性 *
陈安然 ,陈海华 ,余 曜 ,卞付国 ,于浩杰 ,李向东 2
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(1. 上海机电工程研究所,上海 201109;
2. 南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏 南京 210094;
3. 上海航天技术研究院,上海 201109)
摘要: 高速破片撞击燃油箱时产生液压水锤效应,其引发的燃油喷溅可能导致燃油箱引燃甚至爆炸,从而降低高
价值目标的生存能力。为研究液压水锤效应导致的燃油喷溅特性,进行了高速破片撞击模拟燃油箱的试验,测试并分
析了喷溅燃油的速度特性和空间分布特性;提出了液团初始运动速度与液团发散速度的概念,在此基础上建立了描述
喷溅燃油时空分布的理论模型;根据侵彻孔口的裂纹情况和孔边缘金属材料的形状变化,并考虑液体内压力分布的影
响,对流量系数 C v 的取值进行分类:当破片撞击速度 v 0 ≤737 m/s 时,C v 的取值范围为 0.60~0.70;当 737 m/s<v 0 <906 m/s 时,
C v 的取值范围为 0.25~0.55;当 v 0 ≥906 m/s 时,C v 的取值范围为 0.75~0.95。研究表明,燃油喷溅轴向距离的理论计算
结果与试验结果的平均误差在 15% 以内,修正后的径向距离理论计算结果与试验结果的相对误差在 5% 左右,即理论
模型计算结果可较好复现试验结果。
关键词: 高速撞击;燃油箱;液压水锤效应;燃油喷溅
中图分类号: O358 国标学科代码: 13025 文献标志码: A
Study of the characteristics of fuel spurt caused by high-velocity
fragment impact the fuel tank
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CHEN Anran , CHEN Haihua , YU Yao , BIAN Fuguo , YU Haojie , LI Xiangdong 2
(1. Shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute, Shanghai 201109, China;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology,
Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China;
3. Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, Shanghai 201109, China)
Abstract: When a high-velocity fragment impacted the fuel tank, hydrodynamic ram occurred. The fuel spurt caused by
hydrodynamic ram may result in the ignition or even explosion of the fuel tank, thus threatening the survivability of the high-
value target. To study the characteristics of fuel spurt caused by the hydrodynamic ram event, an experiment of a high-velocity
fragment impacting a simulated fuel tank was conducted, and the characteristics of velocity and spatial distribution of the fuel
spurt were tested and analyzed. In order to quantitatively describe the initial motion velocity of the fuel spurt and the
attenuation process of its movement in the air, the specific volume unit within the fuel was defined as fuel mass. The concepts
of initial motion velocity v and dispersion velocity of the fuel mass were proposed. The process of fuel mass spurting from the
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penetration orifices was simplified into three stages: (1) the fuel mass was about to spurt out; (2) the fuel mass spurted from the
penetration orifices; (3) the fuel mass was moving in the air and gradually became atomized. On this basis, the theoretical
* 收稿日期: 2025-03-27;修回日期: 2025-10-19
基金项目: 国防科技基础加强计划技术领域基金(2020-JCJQ-JJ-401);国家自然科学基金(11572159);江苏省研究生科研
与实践创新计划(KYCX19_0329,KYCX19_0330)
第一作者: 陈安然(1995- ),女,博士,工程师,chenar2016@163.com
通信作者: 李向东(1969- ),男,博士,教授,lixiangd@njust.edu.cn
061432-1

