Page 132 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第6期

第 46 卷 第 6 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 6
2026 年 6 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jun., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0258

椭圆截面弹体斜侵彻混凝土弹道特性的数值研究 *

戴湘晖，王可慧，周 刚，段 建，李 明，吴海军，邹慧辉，蔡 松，王凯强，李鹏杰

（西北核技术研究所，陕西 西安 710024）

摘要： 为了获取椭圆截面弹体斜侵彻混凝土的弹道特性，采用数值模拟方法开展了系统性研究。构建了可靠的
数值模拟模型，对影响弹道偏转的倾角、攻角和滚转角进行了解耦，开展了不同落角下椭圆截面弹体斜侵彻混凝土的
数值模拟，深入分析并揭示了弹道偏转、自旋转演变规律及机理。研究结果表明：倾角和攻角导致弹体上、下表面受
力面积存在差异，且攻角还会造成弹体表面应力分布不对称，最终产生偏转力矩驱动弹体偏转；随着倾角和攻角的增
大，弹体角速度、姿态角和弹道偏移总体上呈增大趋势。在带倾角斜侵彻情况下，竖姿弹体偏转慢、持续时间长，而平
姿弹体偏转快、持续时间短，两者在弹道稳定性方面不存在绝对的优劣；在带攻角斜侵彻情况下，竖姿弹体的弹道稳
定性相对平姿弹体更好。滚转角叠加倾角导致弹靶交会条件不对称，弹体除偏移和偏转外，还有绕轴的自旋转运动；
当滚转角由 0°向 90°增大时，弹靶交会条件经历对称至不对称再至对称的转变，弹体在水平方向的偏移量和滚转角增
量呈先增大后减小的趋势。研究成果可为椭圆截面弹体实际工程应用提供参考。
关键词： 椭圆截面弹体；侵彻；混凝土；弹道偏转
中图分类号： O385 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Simulation on the oblique penetration of an elliptical cross-section
projectile into concrete

DAI Xianghui, WANG Kehui, ZHOU Gang, DUAN Jian, LI Ming, WU Haijun,
ZOU Huihui, CAI Song, WANG Kaiqiang, LI Pengjie
（Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, shaanxi, China）

Abstract: To obtain the ballistic characteristics of the oblique penetration of an elliptical cross-section projectile into concrete,
a systematic study was carried out using numerical simulation. A reliable finite element numerical simulation model was
constructed. The oblique angle, attack angle and axis spin angle that affect the ballistic deflection were decoupling. Numerical
simulations of the oblique penetration of an elliptical cross-section projectile into concrete under different drop angles were
carried out. The evolution laws of ballistic deflection and spin were deeply analyzed, and the mechanisms of ballistic deflection
and spin were explained. The results show that the oblique angle and attack angle lead to the asymmetry of the force-bearing
areas on the upper and lower surfaces of the projectile, and the attack angle also leads to the asymmetry of the surface stress of
the projectile, eventually generating a deflection torque that prompts the deflection of the projectile. The angular velocity,
attitude angle and ballistic offset of the projectile increase with the increases of the oblique angle and attack angle. In the case
of oblique penetration with an oblique angle, the projectile in the upright position (γ=0°) deflects slowly and for a long time,
while the projectile in the lying position (γ=90°) deflects quickly and for a short time. There is no absolute superiority or
inferiority between the two positions in terms of ballistic stability. In the case of oblique penetration with an attack angle, the
ballistic stability of the projectile in the upright position is better than that of the projectile in the lying position. The combined

* 收稿日期： 2025-08-11；修回日期： 2025-12-28
基金项目： 科工局空间碎片与小行星科研专项（KJSP2023020304）
第一作者： 戴湘晖（1986－ ），男，博士，副研究员，daixianghui@nint.ac.cn
通信作者： 王可慧（1975－ ），女，博士，研究员，wangkehui@nint.ac.cn

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