Page 74 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第3期

第 46 卷 郑贺龄，等： 带截顶内衬的高熵合金/Al/PTFE双层复合药型罩成型机理与毁伤特性 第 3 期

of the charge top. Additionally, numerical simulations of the jet formation process were conducted using the commercial finite
element software ANSYS-LS-DYNA. The explosive and liner were modeled with the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
(SPH) algorithm to accurately capture the dispersal behavior during jet formation, while the casing was simulated with the
Lagrangian algorithm to describe the expansion and fragmentation process of the outer shell. In the simulation, the high-
temperature and high-strain-rate mechanical behaviors of HEA, Al/PTFE, and 45 steel were described using the Johnson-Cook
constitutive model. The explosive was modeled with the classical JWL equation of state, and air was treated as an ideal gas. All
relevant parameters were sourced from published literature. Based on the axisymmetric curvature characteristics of the
hemispherical liner and the material discontinuity introduced by truncation, a partitioned formation theoretical model was
further established. An energy loss coefficient η (η=0.2) was introduced to modify the detonation energy transfer process.
According to the truncation angle, the composite liner was divided into two regions with different physical mechanisms. The
jet radius and slug radius for each region were derived using mass and momentum conservation. Experimental results show that
both the composite liner and the single-layer HEA liner can form stable penetrating jets, achieving complete penetration of the
concrete targets. Compared to the single-layer HEA liner, the composite structure significantly enhances the fragmentation and
crack propagation capabilities inside the concrete. Numerical simulation results indicate that the Al/PTFE inner layer exhibits a
“coating and cohesive” effect on the HEA jet, effectively suppressing radial dispersion and improving the continuity of the
mid-section of the jet. However, multiple collision-following-separation behaviors between the inner layer and the main jet
delay the system from reaching dynamic equilibrium. The established partitioned formation theoretical model demonstrates
good predictive accuracy, with relative errors of less than 15% between the predicted jet and slug radii and the numerical
simulation results. Further parametric analysis reveals that the thickness and height of the inner layer significantly influence jet
formation. The optimal parameter combination is a thickness of 3.5 mm and a height of 12 mm, which achieves the best
balance between suppressing radial dispersion, maintaining jet length, and enhancing mid-section cohesion. This composite
liner effectively integrates the excellent mechanical properties of HEA with the high energy release characteristics of Al/PTFE.
The established partitioned formation theoretical model provides a reliable theoretical basis for the design of hemispherical
composite liners. The research findings offer important theoretical and experimental support for the optimized design and
engineering application of novel energetic composite liners.
Keywords: high-entropy alloys; Al/PTFE; composite liner; forming

近年来，随着现代防护技术的持续发展，对混凝土目标的毁伤要求也不断提高，不仅需要具备良好
的侵彻能力，还要求形成更大的崩落面积和尽可能大的通孔直径。聚能装药结构因其独特的能量汇聚
特性，被广泛应用于攻坚破拆领域。传统紫铜射流可实现 3～5 倍装药口径的侵彻深度，但其形成的通
孔直径通常仅为射流直径的 15%～20%，难以满足当下的毁伤需求 。因此，开发轻质、具备良好力学性
[1]
能并在碰撞过程中能够高效释放能量的药型罩材料与结构，成为推动聚能装药技术发展的关键方向。
活性材料，亦称反应材料，是指在常温常压下处于亚稳态，在爆炸或冲击载荷作用下能够发生剧烈
化学反应，释放大量化学能和气体产物的一类复合材料 [2-3] 。基于这一特性，研究人员提出将其应用于药
型罩的制备，以提高对目标的毁伤效能。在各类活性材料中，聚四氟乙烯（polytetrafluoroethylene，PTFE）
基材料中以铝/聚四氟乙烯（aluminium/polytetrafluoroethylene，Al/PTFE）为代表的活性材料研究最广泛，应
用也较为成熟。Baker 等 [4] 通过试验初步验证了活性射流对混凝土靶的侵彻与爆炸复合毁伤效应；
Daniels 等 [5] 利用 X 射线研究了活性射流的成型行为，并探讨了不同配方对混凝土目标毁伤效果的影响；
随后，Daniels 等 [6] 通过试验分析了炸高对活性药型罩毁伤混凝土的规律；Wang 等 [7] 同样采用 X 射线对
射流成型过程进行了研究，并开展了对钢靶的侵彻试验；张雪朋等 [8] 对活性射流侵彻目标后产生的超压
特性进行了试验研究。尽管活性材料的相关研究远不止上述内容，但综合来看，该类材料不仅能够形成射流，
还可对目标造成显著毁伤。然而，进一步的研究表明，此类材料的强度较低、延展性较差，导致形成的活
性射流往往呈离散颗粒状，且对炸高极为敏感，这些问题严重削弱了射流的侵彻能力，并影响其稳定性。

031405-2