Page 76 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第01期

第 46 卷 第 1 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 1
2026 年 1 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jan., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2024-0332

水下接触和近场爆炸作用下沉箱码头的毁伤特性 *

董 琪 ，刘靖晗 ，李凌锋 ，高 屹 ，韦灼彬 2
2
2
2,3
1
（1. 中国人民解放军 91053 部队，北京 100000；
2. 海军勤务学院，天津 300450；
3. 中国人民解放军 91292 部队，河北 保定 071000）

摘要： 为探究水下接触和近场爆炸下沉箱码头的毁伤机理和荷载特性，基于沉箱码头缩尺模型试验，采用有限元
数值模拟开展对比研究，分析了沉箱码头内冲击波荷载的传播、衰减规律以及沉箱码头的破坏过程和毁伤机理。研究
结果表明：水下接触和近场爆炸下，沉箱码头的毁伤区域和破坏特征基本一致，码头迎爆外墙和面板为主要破坏区域，
迎爆外墙呈爆坑、破口的破坏现象，面板呈现管沟连接处横向通长裂缝、纵向裂缝并掀飞的破坏现象，沉箱码头侧墙
和仓格内纵横隔墙毁伤相对轻微。水下接触和近场爆炸下，沉箱码头内冲击波在仓格的隔墙和填砂界面发生反射和
透射现象，码头迎爆外墙、侧墙、板均受到冲击载荷，冲击波荷载在沉箱内的衰减速度由陡至缓，沉箱码头的毁伤特征
在水下爆炸冲击波阶段基本形成，毁伤形成时间略大于 2 倍的冲击波在沉箱码头内的传播时长。
关键词： 水下接触爆炸；水下近场爆炸；沉箱码头；毁伤特征；毁伤机理；冲击波传播
中图分类号： O383.1 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Damage characteristic of caisson gravity wharf subjected to
underwater contact and near-field explosion

2
2,3
2
1
DONG Qi , LIU Jinghan , LI Lingfeng , GAO Yi , WEI Zhuobin 2
（1. No. 91053 Unit of PLA, Beijing 100000, China;
2. Naval Logistics Collage, Tianjin 300450, China;
3. No. 91292 Unit of PLA, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China）

Abstract: To investigate the damage mechanism and load characteristics of caisson wharf under underwater contact and near-
field explosion, a high-fidelity numerical model was conducted based on the scaled model tests of caisson wharf and verified
by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data. The propagation and attenuation characteristics of shock waves
inside the caisson, partition walls, and internal backfill soil were analyzed. The destruction process and typical damage
mechanisms of the caisson wharf were analyzed by comparing Holmquist-Johnson-Cook constitutive model damage contour
maps with experimental results. The results shows that the damage areas and characteristics of the caisson wharf are largely
consistent under both underwater contact and near-field explosion. The primary damage areas are blast-facing wall and deck
slab. The blast-facing wall exhibits cratering and breaching phenomena, while of the deck slab shows transverse full-length
cracks at trench-slab connections, longitudinal cracks, and blow-off. The side walls and internal partitions of the caisson wharf
sustain relatively minor damage. Shock wave within the caisson subjected to underwater contact and near-field explosions
undergo reflection and transmission at the interfaces between the partitions and fillings within the compartments. The blast-
facing wall and side walls of the wharf are subjected to shock loads. The transmitted compressive waves across the transverse
bulkheads and blast-resistant back walls exhibited amplification compared to the incident waves, whereas attenuation was

* 收稿日期： 2024-09-09；修回日期： 2025-05-29
第一作者： 董 琪（1990－ ），男，博士，工程师，dq_1990@163.com
通信作者： 刘靖晗（1992－ ），男，博士，讲师，1226001717@qq.com

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