Page 173 - 《爆炸与冲击》2025年第5期

第 45 卷 第 5 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 45, No. 5
2025 年 5 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES May, 2025

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2024-0093

增材制造用铝及铝硅合金粉尘的爆炸特性 *

赵江平，张舒淇，钟兴润，于凯楠

（西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院，陕西 西安 710055）

摘要： 为探究常用增材制造用铝及铝硅合金粉尘的爆炸特性，采用 20 L 球形爆炸装置，对 Al、Al-12Si 和 Al-20Si
等 3 种样品进行密闭空间内的爆炸实验，测试其在不同影响因素下爆炸参数的变化，采用热重分析-差示扫描量热法分
析样品的热氧化特性。结果表明：随着合金中硅含量的增加，爆炸下限升高，最大爆炸压力及爆炸峰值温度下降，氧化
过程的放热量减少，氧化速率减慢；Al、Al-12Si 和 Al-20Si 达到最大爆炸压力的质量浓度分别为 300、750 和 900 g/m ；
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当点火能量增加时，铝硅合金的最大爆炸压力上升速率的增幅低于铝粉；环境温度变化对样品爆炸下限的影响小于粒
径变化带来的影响。根据爆炸产物的 X 射线衍射测试分析铝硅合金的爆炸机理，发现爆炸是由颗粒受热汽化形成的
气态铝和气态硅组成的可燃气体与氧气混合燃烧所致。
关键词： 铝合金粉尘；粉尘爆炸；爆炸温度；爆炸下限；环境温度；最大爆炸压力
中图分类号： O381; X932 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Explosion characteristics of additive manufacturing aluminum
and aluminum-silicon alloy powders

ZHAO Jiangping, ZHANG Shuqi, ZHONG Xingrun, YU Kainan
（College of Resources and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China）

Abstract: Explosion experiments utilizing a 20 L spherical explosion apparatus were conducted to investigate the explosion
characteristics of aluminum and aluminum-silicon alloy powders, prevalent in additive manufacturing. The tested samples
included Al, Al-12Si, and Al-20Si. Various parameters were measured under different influencing factors, including the lower
explosion limit, maximum explosion pressure, maximum pressure rise rate, explosion temperature, and time to reach peak
temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry was employed to analyze the thermal oxidation
properties of the samples. The results indicated that an increase in the silicon content within the alloy corresponded with a
lower explosion limit. Conversely, the maximum explosion pressure and peak temperature showed a downward trend.
Meanwhile. a reduction in the maximum pressure rise rate was observed. The exothermic amount of the oxidation process
reduced, and the oxidation rate slowed down. The concentrations at which the three samples reached the maximum explosion
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pressure and peak temperature were 300 g/m for Al, 750 g/m for Al-12Si, and 900 g/m for Al-20Si, respectively. When the
ignition energy increased, the rate of increase in maximum explosion pressure for the aluminum-silicon alloys was lower than
that for aluminum powder. The effect of environmental temperature changes on the lower explosive limit was less significant
compared to that of particle size variations. As the environmental temperature increased, the explosion pressure did not show a
significant change, while the pressure rise rate increased slightly. X-ray diffraction analysis of the explosion products revealed
that, in addition to Al O and Al, the explosion products of the aluminum-silicon alloys also contained SiO and Si. This
2 3 2
indicates that the Si element in the alloy participated in the explosion reaction. It confirms that the explosion of aluminum-
silicon alloy powder is caused by the heating and vaporization of the particles, leading to the formation of a combustible gas

* 收稿日期： 2024-04-07；修回日期： 2024-10-08
第一作者： 赵江平（1972－ ），男，硕士，副教授，348916294@qq.com
通信作者： 钟兴润（1985－ ），女，博士，讲师，283808185@qq.com

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