Page 282 - 《软件学报》2020年第9期

软件学报 ISSN 1000-9825, CODEN RUXUEW E-mail: jos@iscas.ac.cn
Journal of Software,2020,31(9):2903−2925 [doi: 10.13328/j.cnki.jos.006091] http://www.jos.org.cn
©中国科学院软件研究所版权所有. Tel: +86-10-62562563

∗
区块链的数据管理技术综述

1
1
2
张志威 , 王国仁 , 徐建良 , 杜小勇 3
1
(北京理工大学 计算机学院,北京 100081)
2 (香港浸会大学 计算机系,香港)
3 (中国人民大学 信息学院,北京 100872)
通讯作者: 王国仁, E-mail: wanggrbit@126.com

摘 要: 最近几年,随着加密货币和去中心化应用的流行,区块链技术受到了各行业极大的关注.从数据管理的角
度,区块链可以视作是在一个分布式环境下众多不可信节点共同维护且不可篡改的账本.由于节点间相互不可信,区
块链通过共识协议,确保数据存储的一致性,实现去中心化的数据管理.针对区块链的安全性以及共识协议,已有诸
多工作进行全面的分析.将从数据管理的角度,分析区块链技术与传统数据库下数据管理技术的异同.分布式数据管
理的研究已经持续数十年,涵盖了数据存储模式、事务处理机制、查询执行与验证、系统可扩展性等诸多方面,并
已有诸多技术广泛应用于实际的分布式数据库中.该类工作往往假定存在中心可信节点或者节点只可能发生崩溃
而不存在恶意攻击.然而在区块链环境中,系统设计需考虑不可信节点可能的攻击行为以及拜占庭容错.这给数据管
理带来了新的问题与挑战.因此,将梳理并分析国内外有关区块链数据管理的文献,并展望未来的研究方向.
关键词: 区块链;数据管理;数据存储;事务执行;查询处理
中图法分类号: TP311

中文引用格式: 张志威,王国仁,徐建良,杜小勇.区块链的数据管理技术综述.软件学报,2020,31(9):2903−2925. http://www.jos.
org.cn/1000-9825/6091.htm
英文引用格式: Zhang ZW, Wang GR, Xu JL, Du XY. Survey on data management in blockchain systems. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/
Journal of Software, 2020,31(9):2903−2925 (in Chinese). http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/6091.htm
Survey on Data Management in Blockchain Systems

2
1
1
ZHANG Zhi-Wei , WANG Guo-Ren , XU Jian-Liang , DU Xiao-Yong 3
1
(School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
2
(Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China)
3
(School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)
Abstract: Blockchain technologies have gained more and more attention during the last few years. In general, blockchains are
distributed ledgers in which the users do not fully trust each other. Embedded with consensus protocols and security mechanism,
blockchain systems achieve several properties, such as immutability, and all the users agree on all the data records and histories of
transactions. From the perspective of data management, blockchain is a distributed database, in which nodes agree with the orders of
executions of all the transactions. Many works have been done to survey about the security and consensus problems for blockchains. This
study aims to survey and analyze the techniques about data management for the blockchain systems. In traditional databases, it assumes
that the nodes in the distributed database are trusted, and only the crash failure needs to be considered. On the other hand, as the
blockchains consider the malicious nodes, it needs to consider Byzantine fault tolerance. These have brought new problems and
challenges to the blockchains. Since blockchains and databases have similar architecture, many works have been done to translate the

∗ 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61602395, 61732014); 香港研究资助局项目(12200819); 广东省科技专项资金(SDZX2019042)
Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (61602395, 61732014); Hong Kong General Research Fund
(12200819); Guangdong Key Science and Technology Project (SDZX2019042)
收稿时间: 2019-11-25; 修改时间: 2020-03-08, 2020-04-29; 采用时间: 2020-05-25; jos 在线出版时间: 2020-06-08