Page 74 - 《真空与低温》2025年第5期

第 31 卷 第 5 期 真空与低温
2025 年 9 月 Vacuum and Cryogenics 613

异 型 无 液 氦 1.8 K 低 温 系 统 研 制 及 性 能 测 试

任琪琛 1,2,3 ，王 沛 1,2 ，卢毛磊 1,3 ，胡居利 1,3 ，卞荣耀 1,3 ，丁怀况 1,2,3 ，章学华 1,2,3 ，孙志和 1,2,3 ，左贺威 1,2
（1. 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司，合肥 230088；2. 稀有气体分离技术安徽省
重点实验室，合肥 230088；3. 安徽省低温与真空工程研究中心，合肥 230088）

摘要：介绍了一种实验室用异型无液氦 1.8 K 小型低温系统的研制与测试。该系统以 GM 制冷机为冷源，采
用节流及减压降温技术获得 1.8 K 超流氦，通过氦蒸气循环流动实现测试样品的氦气浴冷。实验结果表明，该系
统从常温降温至 1.8 K 用时 159 min，可实现最低温 1.665 K。在 12 个温度点的控温测试中，温度稳定性优于
±5 mK。样品腔二次降温时间约为 52 min（至 4.2 K）和 87 min（至 1.8 K）。
关键词：超流氦；GM 制冷机；节流；样品腔；稳定性
中图分类号：TB65 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006−7086（2025）05−0613−06
DOI：10.12446/j.issn.1006-7086.2025.05.009

Development and Performance Testing of a Heterogeneous 1.8 K Cryogenic System Without Liquid Helium

1,2,3 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,2,3
REN Qichen ，WANG Pei ，LU Maolei ，HU Juli ，BIAN Rongyao ，DING Huaikuang ，
1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2
ZHANG Xuehua ，SUN Zhihe ，ZUO Hewei
（1. Vacree Technology Co.，Ltd，Hefei 230000，China；2. Anhui Key Laboratory of Noble Gas Separation Technology，
Hefei 230000，China；3. Anhui Cryognics and Vacuum Engineering Research Center，Hefei 230000，China）

Abstract：The closed cycle cryogenic system with GM cryocooler or pulse tube cryocooler as the cold source has gradu-
ally become the mainstream equipment in laboratory for obvious advantages in saving resources，reducing operating costs，re-
ducing system complexity，and improving system operability. The development and testing of a laboratory grade 1.8 K minia-
ture cryogenic system without liquid helium are introduced. Using a GM refrigerator as the cooling source，a vacuum pump
as the circulating power，and high-purity helium gas as the refrigerant to achieve flow cooling of the sample，an ultra-low
temperature of 1.8 K is achieved through techniques such as throttling cooling and vacuum pressure reduction. By using pre-
cise heating and temperature control technology，the sample can be tested continuously in a wide temperature range of 1.8-
300 K. After the assembly and integration of the 1.8 K dry cryogenic system without liquid helium，its various cryogenic per-
formances are tested. The experimental results show that the system takes 159 min to cool down from room temperature to
1.8 K，and can achieve a minimum temperature of 1.665 K. In the temperature control test at 12 temperature points，the tem-
perature stability is within ±5 mK. The secondary cooling time of the sample chamber is about 52 minutes to 4.2 K and
87 minutes to 1.8 K. This system has the characteristics of fast cooling speed，timely temperature response，high temperature
control accuracy，low measurement uncertainty，and simple operation，which can provide a good user experience for laboratory
cryogenic testing. In the future，efforts will be made to carry out research and experimental work on the minimum tempera-
ture of the system being less than 1.5 K，seismic isolation and reduction in the core area，coupling of sample space with multiple
environments such as magnetic fields and optics，etc.，to provide better service guarantees for cryogenic testing research in
various fields.
Key words：superfluid helium；GM-cryocooler；throttling；sample chamber；stability

0 引言 磁体等尖端科技的蓬勃发展，对工作于 2 K 以下温

近年来，随着量子信息技术、深空探测、超导 区，具备高可靠、长寿命、高制冷效率的低温制冷

收稿日期：2024−05−10
基金项目：安徽省科技重大专项（ 18030901038）
作者简介：任琪琛，硕士，工程师。E-mail：1063415176@qq.com