Page 128 - 《振动工程学报》2026年第3期

第 39 卷第 3 期 振 动 工 程 学 报 Vol. 39 No. 3
2026 年 3 月 Journal of Vibration Engineering Mar. 2026

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滚动轴承 气体箔片轴承混合支承结构
转子动力学试验研究

彭森泉， 叶本远， 张晓康， 杨坤山

（中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院，四川 绵阳 621000）

摘要: 针对滚动轴承需要润滑系统、滚动体接触摩擦导致轴承寿命受限，气体箔片轴承在高速下具有高精度但承载力小且起飞
前箔片与轴颈的摩擦问题，开展了滚动轴承和气体箔片轴承混合支承结构转子系统的设计与转子动力学试验研究。基于轴承
⁃转子系统的非线性特性，搭建了滚动轴承⁃气体箔片轴承混合支承结构转子动力学试验平台并开展了空载试验，对获取的振动
信号和轴心轨迹展开分析。结果表明：该结构的转子起飞转速在 5000~6000 r/min 之间，转子起飞后的振幅高于起飞前的振
幅；在转速为 14500~18000 r/min 区间内，振动频率以基频为主，转子系统运行状态良好且不受转速连续变化的影响；当转速
达到 20000 r/min 时，转子系统的振动开始以低频涡动为主，系统进入失稳状态；随着转速的进一步增大，低频涡动的频率和幅
值随之增大，涡动比始终保持在 0.5 左右；失稳机理主要与不平衡激振力有关。

关键词: 气体箔片轴承； 混合支承； 转子系统； 低频振动； 轴心轨迹
中图分类号: V231.96 文献标志码: A DOI：10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202404064

Experimental study on rotor dynamics of rolling bearing-gas foil bearing

hybrid support structure

PENG Senquan， YE Benyuan， ZHANG Xiaokang， YANG Kunshan
（AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment， Mianyang 621000， China）

Abstract: In view of the problems that rolling bearings require lubrication system， the bearing life is limited due to the contact
friction of rolling elements， and the friction between the foil and the journal of gas foil bearings has a high precision at a high speed
but has a small bearing capacity， and the friction between the foil and the journal before take-off， the design and rotor dynamics test
of the hybrid support structure of rolling bearings and gas foil bearings were carried out. Based on the nonlinear characteristics of the
bearing-rotor system， a rotor dynamics test platform for the rolling bearing-gas foil bearing hybrid support structure was built and
no-load tests were carried out， and the vibration signals and axial trajectories obtained were analyzed. The results show that the
rotor take-off speed of the structure is between 5000 r/min and 6000 r/min， and the amplitude of the rotor after take-off is higher
than that before take-off. In the range of 14500 r/min to 18000 r/min， the vibration frequency is mainly based on the fundamental
frequency， and the rotor system is in a good running state and is not affected by the continuous change of speed. When the rotation
speed reaches 20000 r/min， the vibration of the rotor system begins to be dominated by low-frequency eddies， and the system
enters an unstable state. With the further increase of rotational speed， the frequency and amplitude of low-frequency vortices
increase， and the vortex ratio is always maintained at about 0.5. The instability mechanism is mainly related to the unbalanced
excitation force generated by the system.
Keywords: gas foil bearing；hybrid support；rotor system；low-frequency vibration；axial trajectory

尽管滚珠轴承承载能力较强，却存在两大局限： 度耐受范围宽、自适应性好且无需配备润滑冷却系
一是依赖润滑冷却系统，导致设备增重和成本上升； 统等优点，被广泛用于许多高性能紧凑型转子系统，
二是其内外游隙会在转子运行时引入显著的非线性 如涡轮喷气发动机，但是其承载能力较差，无法达到
因素，这些非线性因素不可避免地影响轴承转子系 当前先进涡轮机械的轴承标准。同时，高性能航空
统的使用性能。气体箔片轴承具有运行速度高、温 发动机的转子越来越轻柔，转速越来越高，负荷越来

收稿日期: 2024-04-25； 修订日期: 2024-09-04