Page 128 - 《水产学报》2026年第3期

3 期 水 产 学 报 50 卷

Purification effect of integrated ecological purification system on
tail water of Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture

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1,2*
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WANG Lingyu , JIANG Min , WU Hao , LI Haolin , SHU Da 1
(1. College of Oceanology and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
2. Shanghai University Engineering Research Center for Water Environment Ecology,
Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
3. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)

Abstract: Aquaculture has rapidly expanded to meet the growing global demand for animal protein, but the discharge of nutri-
ent-rich effluent poses significant environmental challenges. Therefore, this study explores an efficient and sustainable ecolo-
gical treatment technology, the integrated ecological purification system, to improve aquaculture effluent quality and support
the industry’s long-term ecological balance. In order to understand the purification effect of the integrated ecological purifica-
tion system on the aquaculture tail water of Litopenaeus vannamei continuous freshwater pond, the water quality index of each
unit in the system was monitored for two consecutive years. High-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics ana-
lysis were employed to analyze the microbial community structures in each unit. Correlation analysis and random forest regres-
sion model were utilized to assess the relationship between dominant microorganisms and water quality factors. The results
indicated that, according to the requirements of Shanghai Municipal Aquaculture Tail Water Standard (DB31/1 405-2023), the
main pollutants exceeding the standard in the aquaculture effluent were TSS and TN, with exceedance rates of 36.84% and
5.26%, respectively. After treatment in each unit of the system, significant reductions (P<0.05) were observed in the concentra-
tions of TSS, TN, TP, COD Mn , and TAN, resulting in effluent water quality meeting the standards. The microbial richness
increased along the treatment units (P>0.05), with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Cyanobacteria being the dominant
phyla. The top five dominant bacteria genera explained 51.50%, 23.42% and 18.44% of the variation in NO 3 -N, TN and TAN
concentrations, respectively. The hgcI_clade was the most dominant bacterium, whose abundance gradually increased along the
unit, and exhibited a significant negative correlation with TN and NO x (P<0.05). Overall, the comprehensive ecological purific-
ation system significantly improved the water quality of aquaculture effluent. Different treatment units exhibited varying effects
on improving different water quality indicators in the effluent. Microbial communities capable of promoting nutrient metabol-
ism gradually became dominant along the treatment units, significantly influencing the removal of nitrogen pollutants from the
effluent. This study provides valuable insights for the practical application and further optimization of multi-level aquaculture
effluent treatment systems.
Key words: Litopenaeus vannamei; aquaculture wastewater; ecological purification system; water quality purification; micro-
bial community structure
Corresponding author: JIANG Min. E-mail: mjiang@shou.edu.cn

Funding projects: Shanghai Litopenaeus vannamei Industrial Technology System [Agricultural Research System of Shanghai,
China〔2022〕No.5]

https://www.china-fishery.cn 中国水产学会主办 sponsored by China Society of Fisheries
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