Page 4 - 摩擦学学报2025年第9期

1258 摩擦学学报（中英文） 第 45 卷

Abstract: Fretting wear is widely existed in the field of rail transportation, surface engineering technology can
effectively improve the anti-fretting wear performance of parts and components, which is of great theoretical
significance and industrial value to guarantee the safe service of rolling stock. In this paper, 316L stainless steel powder
cladding layer was prepared on the surface of G20Mn5QT cast steel substrate by laser cladding technology. The
tangential fretting wear tests of G20Mn5QT cast steel substrate and 316L cladding layer were carried out by using a self-
developed fretting wear tester. The tests were performed in ball/plane contact mode, examining the tangential fretting
damage mechanism and damage evolution rules under various displacement amplitudes (10, 20 and 40 μm) with a fixed
normal load of 30 N. The surface phase and wear area surface morphology of the cast steel substrate and 316L cladding
layer were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), white light interferometer,
electron energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and other equipment. Additionally, the chemical elements of the wear
marks were analyzed and characterized. The results indicated that after laser cladding of 316L coating, the Cr-containing
hard phases, such as Cr 0.19 Fe 0.7 Ni 0.11 generated during the laser cladding as well as the homogeneous metallographic
organization increased the hardness of the coating surface by 14.3%. Under normal load of 30 N, the fretting operating
state of the cast steel substrate and the cladding coating transitions from the partial slip zone to the mixed zone to the
complete slip zone as the displacement amplitude increased. During the stable stage, the friction coefficient gradually
rised, leading to an escalation in wear scar damage. The damage mechanisms in the partial slip zone involved adhesive
wear for both the cast steel substrate and cladding layer. In contrast, the mixed zone and complete slip zone experienced
abrasive wear, delamination, and oxidation wear. The damage degree of 316L cladding layer was slightly lower than that
of cast steel substrate. In the mixed zone and slip zone, the wear rate of 316L cladding layer was about 4.26% and 19.1%
lower than that of G20Mn5QT cast steel substrate. Compared with G20Mn5QT cast steel substrate, 316L cladding layer
showed higher fretting wear resistance.
Key words: G20Mn5QT cast steel; 316L cladding layer; fretting wear; damage mechanism; remanufacturing

轴箱体作为连接转向架构架与轮对的关键部件 研究了热处理温度(650、700、750、800 ℃)对Ni/316L
[1]
之一，其服役稳定性是影响列车安全运行的重要因素 . 熔覆涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响，不同温度的热处理均
机车轮轨间的动作用力导致轴箱体承受着交变载荷， 可使涂层的摩擦系数及磨损率降低，对应750 ℃热处

在其作用下螺栓与垫片间的紧密配合面易产生微动 理涂层的耐磨性能最好. 此外，激光诱导的快速冷却
[2] 过程中产生了更致密更细的晶粒结构，使激光熔覆
磨损 ，严重影响着轴箱体的服役可靠性及安全性.
G20Mn5QT铸钢凭借良好的塑性以及优异的抗脆性 316L熔覆涂层表现出更好的耐磨性能 [21] . Majumdar
[22]
[3]
断裂能力 成为铸钢系轴箱体制造的常用材料，目前 等 研究了不同SiC含量(质量分数为5%和20%)对316L
学者主要围绕G20Mn5QT铸钢的断裂韧性以及对接 熔覆涂层性能的影响，结果表明熔覆层显微硬度较基
[4] 体分别提升了125%和400%，同时熔覆层的耐磨损性
焊缝疲劳性能 等方面开展研究. 然而，针对G20Mn5QT
铸钢的摩擦磨损与防护问题的研究相对匮乏，且关于 能也得到显著提升. 目前，国内外对在不同材料表面
微动磨损及相关防护的报道更是罕有. 事实上，采用 制备的316L熔覆涂层性能进行了研究，然而，关于
适当的表面工程技术可有效提高材料的抗微动磨损 G20Mn5QT铸钢零部件表面制备316L熔覆涂层的微
性能 [5-6] ，激光熔覆(Laser cladding)作为先进的材料表 动摩擦学性能相关研究尚且缺乏.
[8]
[7]
[9]
[10]
面改性技术 ，与电镀 、热喷涂 及气相沉积 等技 本文中通过激光熔覆技术在G20Mn5QT铸钢零
术相比，具有激光束能量高、组织致密、涂层与基体 部件表面制备316L熔覆涂层，对G20Mn5QT铸钢及其
结合强度高、粒度及含量变化大等优点. 316L熔覆涂层开展切向微动磨损行为研究，从动力学
316L不锈钢粉末(简称316L)作为常用的熔覆材 响应、磨痕微观形貌和磨损区域摩擦化学状态等方面
[11]
[12]
料，具有成本低 、耐腐蚀性强、塑性韧性高 、成形 对比分析G20Mn5QT铸钢基体及316L熔覆涂层的切
性和可焊性好等 [13-14] 特点，相较于基材表现出较优异 向微动磨损行为，揭示316L熔覆涂层提高G20Mn5QT
[15]
[18]
的强韧性 、耐磨损性 [16-17] 以及耐腐蚀性 . 赵方方等 [19] 铸钢材料微动磨损性能的强化机理，为铸钢系轴箱体
在45钢表面制备了316L熔覆涂层，涂层展现出细小均 的再制造修复提供理论支撑，对保障轴箱体安全服役
匀的微观组织，并且含有均匀分布的硬质点，这些硬 和延长轴箱体使用寿命具有重要的理论意义以及工
质点极大地提升了涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性. 董会等 [20] 业应用价值.