Page 18 - 摩擦学学报2025年第9期

1272 摩擦学学报（中英文） 第 45 卷

influence of friction and wear is more substantial, which will not only lower the transmission efficiency, but also impact
the reliability and service life of the mechanism. Cr 12 MoV mold steel is one of the essential materials of the slide valve
pairs within the aerospace electromechanical servomechanism. To diminish the frictional resistance of the relative
contact surface, enhance the transmission efficiency and reliability of the mechanism, hydrodynamic simulation on the
micro-textures of square, circle, rhombus and regular hexagonal shapes was conducted by employing ANSYS Fluent
software under various micro-texture spacings, depths and different minimum oil film thicknesses with the aim of
analyzing the influence of different micro-textures on the lubrication performance of friction pairs. Moreover, the
surface micro-textures of Cr 12 MoV mold steel were fabricated by femtosecond laser. Coupled with the friction and wear
test, further research was carried out on the optimal micro-texture morphology of the texture treatment. The results
demonstrated that the rhombus micro-texture could more effectively induce and enhance the irregular movement of
fluids, such as vortices and augment the influence of the inertia effect. The rapid alteration of the local velocity of the
fluid was prone to cause the reduction of local pressure to form bubbles, which providing advantageous conditions for
the emergence of the cavitation effect. Under the test temperature of 40 ℃, the relative speed between the friction pair
surfaces exerted a significant influence on the tribological lubrication properties of Cr 12 MoV mold steel, while the load,
the micro-texture morphology and the micro-texture spacing had less influence. Compared with the surface without
micro-texture, the resistance reduction rate of the optimal rhombus micro-texture parameter was 37.74%. Additionally,
through SEM and confocal 3D wear topography, it was discovered that the surface micro-texture was beneficial for the
formation of the lubricating oil film between the friction pairs of Cr 12 MoV mold steel, reducing the risk of direct contact
between the friction pairs and enhancing the wear resistance.
Key words: surface micro-texture; lubrication and drag reduction; computational fluid dynamics; femtosecond laser
processing; cavitation effect

Cr MoV模具钢被广泛用于航天机电伺服机构等 限元计算模型，研究了倾斜织构表面摩擦性能的影响
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机械设备中，其摩擦副间的滑动界面是影响伺服机构 因素，结果发现空化效应较大时，倾斜角的不断增大会
[15]
按照系统指令信号准确实现运动的主要因素，而摩擦 导致最优承载力增长率不断减小. 徐平等 运用仿真计
副在相对运动中会形成油膜，使得滑动界面处主要为 算及试验研究方法，对比分析了织构面积率和截深形状
固液界面摩擦. 因此，降低摩擦副固液界面的摩擦阻 对摩擦副表面摩擦性能的影响，发现椭圆形织构优于
[16]
力，提升机构的传动效率和可靠性尤为重要. 表面微 圆形及沟槽形织构. 张瑜等 通过ANSYS Workbench
[1]
织构、超空化及聚合物添加剂等减阻方法被广泛研究 ， 数值仿真软件分析了非对称表面微织构滑块轴承承
其中，超空化减阻是指在运动物体表面形成空气包 载力的差异，发现非对称表面微织构可增强惯性效
层，将摩擦界面从固液转为固气，从而充分减少表面 应，从而提高滑块承载力；但当滑块运动速度过大时，
摩擦的方法. 但受自由剪切失稳和气泡振荡等因素影 空化效应会对滑块承载力产生不利影响. 郝佳丽等 [17]
[2]
响，其稳定性较差，在实际中应用较少 . 聚合物添加 通过数值仿真研究了织构形状对人工髋关节表面摩
剂减阻一般是将少量聚合物溶解到湍流液体中来减 擦特性的影响，发现织构面积率在25%时平均承载力
[3]
小摩擦，Toms 用含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的氯 最优，菱形织构的摩擦学性能优于圆形和圆环形织构.
[18]
苯溶液在管道中进行试验，发现聚合物溶液的流动摩 吕永刚等 通过在缸套-活塞环接触面设计不同仿生
擦小于纯溶剂，但添加剂的效率不恒定，聚合物分子 排布的菱形织构，并将其与未处理过的原始摩擦副进
在湍流中容易降解，从而失去减阻能力. 表面微织构 行比较，表明恰当的织构排布能够有效地提升摩擦副
减阻源于生物表面的微观结构，被大量研究人员认为 的摩擦性能.
是提升摩擦副间的摩擦性能、降低摩擦系数、增大表
面承载力以及减小磨损的有效方法 [4-5] . 目前已普遍应 1 数值仿真
[8]
用在机械密封 [6-7] 、缸套-活塞环 、各类滑动轴承 [9-11] 和 1.1 控制方程
[12]
切削刀具 等领域. 由于流体运动的复杂性，对表面微织构的润滑计
[13]
Kumar等 在铝合金表面加工了圆形、方形和三 算模型适当简化是有必要的. 基于以下假设：
角形凹坑微织构，通过摩擦试验验证了3种微织构对 (1) 忽略体积力的作用；
[14]
摩擦副的摩擦性能有所提高. 李志东等 利用二维有 (2) 假设流体流动为定常流动；