Page 101 - 摩擦学学报2025年第9期

第 9 期 谢瑜龙, 等: 基于裂纹损伤楔形体积/截面积的滚动接触疲劳损伤量化评价方法研究 1355

Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan Chengdu 610031, China)
Abstract: With the rapid development of Chinese railway transport, especially with increasing wheel-rail contact
interaction is enhanced and thus the daily operation and maintenance of the wheel-rail system are facing new technical
challenges. Furthermore, the wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage problem has become the focus and
difficulty in the research of wheel-rail contact behaviors. Aiming at the different forms of RCF cracks, the crack damage
can be effectively evaluated by quantitative evaluation of fatigue cracks with reasonable evaluation methods, which can
provide theoretical guidance for the maintenance of rolling elements. This work taken wheel-rail RCF crack damage as a
special case. A method for confirming the minimum crack size limit for the objective evaluation of RCF damage of
different wheel and rail materials was first proposed, then a quantitative evaluation method for RCF crack damage value
was further constructed based on the wheel-rail RCF crack damage characteristics. Firstly, based on the microstructure
grain size of different wheel and rail materials, a method for determining the minimum crack length for the objective
evaluation of RCF damage of wheel and rail materials was established. Secondly, a quantitative evaluation method for
RCF crack damage was further constructed based on the wedge volume or cross-sectional area of wheel-rail RCF crack
damage. Finally, according to the contact parameters for the ratchetting could occur in the engineering application-
oriented shakedown map, wheel-rail RCF simulation tests under different contact parameters were carried out.
According to the minimum crack length standard for the objective evaluation of RCF damage, the fatigue cracks of rail
material were systematically analyzed using commonly used quantitative evaluation indices of fatigue cracks.
Meanwhile, the fatigue crack damage of rail material was quantitatively evaluated by the novel quantitative evaluation
method, and the evaluation effects of other quantitative evaluation methods on crack damage were compared and
analyzed. Then, a comparison of different evaluation results was performed. The results showed that the minimum crack
size limit for the objective evaluation of wheel-rail RCF damage could be reasonably confirmed from the microstructure
grain size of wheel and rail materials, which could reasonably determine the crack size for objectively evaluating RCF
damage of different materials. The novel quantitative evaluation method based on the wedge volume or cross-sectional
area of crack damage could be used to quantitatively evaluate the RCF crack damage, and the evaluation result was
consistent with that of the quantitative evaluation through a single evaluation index of RCF cracks and other current
quantitative evaluation methods. Moreover, the quantitative evaluation method established in this paper comprehensively
considered two important behaviors of RCF damage cracks: lateral extension on the wheel-rail contact surface and
extensions within the materials. This new evaluation method included all evaluation indicators of crack size, namely
crack length, depth and extension angle. This new evaluation method also had a clear physical meaning, namely the
wedge volume/cross-sectional area of the damaged materials. In this work, a method for confirming the crack size for
objectively evaluating RCF damage of different materials based on the microstructure grain size of materials was
developed, and the quantitative evaluation method for the RCF crack damage of different materials was initially
constructed. This novel method was applicable to the quantitative evaluation for RCF crack damage of different rolling
elements.
Key words: rolling contact fatigue; quantitative evaluation method; shakedown map; minimum crack size; wedge
volume or cross-sectional area of crack damage

在循环接触载荷作用下，发生在接触载荷影响区 速铁路和城市轨道交通的快速发展，特别是列车轴重
域内的材料损伤现象被称为接触疲劳. 如果接触载荷 的增大和车辆运行速度的提高以及线路容量的增加
是以滚动接触的形式存在，则相应的接触疲劳问题进 等运行要求的不断提高，导致轮轨接触的相互作用强
一步被称为滚动接触疲劳(RCF). 在轨道交通系统中， 度增强，因此，轮轨系统的日常运行和维护面临新的
轮轨滚动摩擦接触副是实现轨道车辆承载、导向、牵 技术挑战 [1-2] .
引和制动等基本功能的物理基础. 轮轨滚动接触过程 通常按照裂纹萌生的位置，可以将轮轨滚动接触

中存在复杂交变载荷的相互作用，在车轮和钢轨接触 疲劳损伤形式粗略的分为表面疲劳损伤和深层次疲
[3]
界面上会出现不同形式的滚动接触疲劳损伤，进一步 劳损伤 . 众所周知，轮轨接触应力对于滚动接触疲劳
疲劳损伤失效的车轮和钢轨材料从轮轨接触界面处 裂纹和磨损的产生至关重要，轮轨滚动接触表面疲劳
剥离，甚至严重的滚动接触疲劳裂纹损伤将会导致轮 裂纹通常是由过大的切向力引起的 ，如车辆通过曲
[4]
轨断裂，从而显著降低轮轨的服役寿命. 随着我国高 线段时导向力和自旋蠕滑力过大等. 此外，轮轨接触