Page 32 - 摩擦学学报2025年第5期

666 摩擦学学报（中英文） 第 45 卷

seal with fluid dynamic pressure effect as the most common non-contact seal has the advantages of small end face wear,
reliable structure, adaptability, able to withstand a certain degree of temperature change, long service life, etc., and has
been more widely used in various fields, including rocket engine turbine pumps, nuclear power plant cooling pumps, and
upstream pumping equipment. As the working conditions change to high temperature and high pressure, the pumps have
been widely used in various fields. With the development of working conditions to high temperature, high pressure, high
speed and other high parameters, the design of the dynamic pressure mechanical seal has put forward higher
requirements. The thermal deformation of the spiral groove on the rotating ring surface of the turbine pump spiral groove
dynamic mechanical seal was studied. Firstly, the working conditions of the turbine pump rotating ring were analyzed,
and the thermal deformation of the rotating ring was analyzed in detail by using finite element simulation technology.
On the basis of the thermal deformation analysis of the end face of the rotating ring, the deformation of the spiral groove
on the surface of the rotating ring was quantified, which was divided into the deformation of the groove depth, the
deformation of the groove width and the deformation of the spiral angle. Afterwards, a calculation model of the dynamic
pressure mechanical seal performance under the thermal deformation of the spiral groove was established based on the
traditional Reynolds lubrication equation, etc., and the correctness of the model was verified by comparing it with the
theoretical results and literature data. Finally, the model was used to analyze the effects of different spiral groove
geometrical parameters on the lubrication properties, such as opening force, leakage and film thickness under the
influence of thermal deformation of the spiral groove rotating ring. The results showed that the changes of groove depth,
groove width and helix angle due to the thermal deformation of the rotating ring would lead to different degrees of
increase in opening force, leakage and film thickness, among which the deformation of groove width and helix angle had
less influence on the lubrication performance of the mechanical seals, and the deformation of groove depth had a greater
influence on the lubrication performance of the mechanical seals, with a rotational speed of 40 000 r/min and a
deformation of groove depth of 3 μm compared with that when the deformation was not taken into account. Opening
force, leakage and film thickness changed by 48.1%, 83.3% and 59.0%, respectively, which showed that the influence of
deformation could not be ignored. Through the thermal deformation analysis of the spiral groove size changes, and
according to these changes in the seal performance analysis, it could provide an important reference for the design of
mechanical seals.
Key words: spiral groove mechanical seal; thermal deformation; opening force; leakage; film thickness

机械密封是流体机械中常用的1种密封件，而伴 准确性. 丁雪兴等 应用ANSYS软件，通过对机械密
[9]
随着流体机械向高速、高压和高温等高参数化方向的 封动环端面温度场分布规律及热力耦合变形进行分

发展，也给机械密封的设计带来了不少的挑战 [1–3] . 在工 析，获得由密封环摩擦生热引起的动环端面温度分布
作时具有动压效应的螺旋槽机械密封作为1种常见的 规律. 上述研究者基于解析方法，采用热变形理论等
非接触式密封，具有端面磨损小、结构可靠、适应性强、 各种假设建立分析方程，计算整体端面的热变形，但
能够承受一定的温度变化以及寿命长等优点，在航天、 都未考虑螺旋槽型槽等微观结构热性变形对机械密
[10]
能源及石化等领域得到了较为广泛的应用，包括火箭 封主要性能的影响. 彭旭东等 利用有限元法研究了
发动机涡轮泵、核电站冷却泵和上游泵送装备等 [4–6] ， 微形体面积比对不同凹(凸)微形体机械密封的密封参
例如，火箭发动机涡轮泵的机械密封在工作时表面温 数的影响. 郭天丽等 通过提出静环摩擦副的相容性
[11]
度可达700 ℃以上，动环表面由此产生热变形 [4–6] . 设计方法，并结合实际情况，通过实例表明在高参数
为提高螺旋槽机械密封在高参数工况中运行的 工况下，此设计方法可以有效地减少机械密封的失效
稳定性和可靠性，延长使用寿命，国内外学者对其设 问题. 王朝亚等 研究了不同工况参数对高参数上游
[12]
[7]
计和性能分析展开了诸多研究. Takami等 采用配点 泵送机械密封密封特性的影响. Ma等 研究了低密封
[13]
法和数值法求解了机械密封在各种工况下的热力学 压力下螺旋槽气体端面密封的热流体动力学特性，研
方程，研究了机械密封材料对温度分布的影响. 李建 究了低密封压力下螺旋槽热变形对密封性能的影响.
[8]
[14]
克等 提出了基于公理设计理论的螺旋槽机械密封结 崔展等 通过研究螺旋槽制造误差的起因，构建槽型
构优化方法，为螺旋槽机械密封性能优化提供了基础 制造误差下的密封性能分析模型，分析了误差对密封
理论框架，提高了螺旋槽机械密封优化设计的效率和 参数的影响. 王建磊等 [15-16] 使用宏观与微观相结合的