Page 85 - 摩擦学学报2025年第10期
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1482 摩擦学学报(中英文) 第 45 卷
impacts the viscosity and thixotropy of the grease within the cage pockets. As the speed increased, the thixotropic effect
of the grease became more pronounced, resulting in greater changes in yield stress and corresponding shear stress, which
in turn increased the friction. Additionally, altering the position of the cage revealed substantial differences in friction
across various spatial positions. An excessively high or low relative position of the cage could cause it to contact the
rolling element closely, leading to a sudden increase in friction. However, based on the bearing’s orientation, there exists
an optimal relative position for the cage that created a converging gap in the pocket, which reduced the friction. By
altering the height of the cage, it had been determined that the cage height influences the contact area of the pocket
surface. The friction was the integral of the shear stress over the area of the friction pair, indicating that the friction was
proportional to the height of the cage. And adjusting the gap between the rolling element and the cage pocket directly
affected the flow and distribution of grease within the pocket. When the gap is small, there was less grease stored in the
pocket, leading to an increased likelihood of shear friction between the rolling element and the cage, which in turn raises
the friction. Conversely, a larger gap allowed more grease to adhere to the rolling element, resulting in insufficient
extrusion shear and a reduction in friction. However, if the clearance became excessively large, the rolling element and
cage may not make contact. Therefore, it was essential for the rolling element and cage to operate within a specific range
of clearance to effectively manage friction changes. In summary, the research presented in this paper establishes a
foundation for reducing internal friction in bearings and optimizing cage design, which was crucial for understanding the
interactions between rolling elements and the cage in bearing systems.
Key words: bearing; grease lubrication; cage; rolling element; friction
[3]
保持架作为轴承关键零部件之一,除了起到均匀 关系. Cui等 建立了轴承的非线性动力学微分方程,
隔离滚动体的作用,使轴承平稳运转外,还决定了轴 通过研究保持架的疲劳特性,提出了合理的载荷与速
承内部的润滑剂再分布(Redistribution)状态. 润滑剂 度匹配值及保持架间隙比,以减小保持架上的冲击应
的再分布是促进其滚道回填(Replenishment)的主要因 力. Peterson等 通过试验研究了滚动体与保持架间
[4]
素,对保证滚动轴承的长时间可靠润滑产生积极影响. 隙、滚道间隙及静止时油浸液位的影响,分析了运行
同时,由于滚动体与保持架兜孔之间存在滑动摩擦, 过程中轴承保持架内润滑油的流动特性,并提出了
[5]
这也使其不可避免地成为摩擦损失来源. 而滚动体与 1种估算保持架摩擦力的方法. Thomas等 利用可视
保持架兜孔间的相互作用与保持架的结构参数、保持 化保持架试验,在不同的润滑方式、油黏度、保持架
架与滚动体之间的相对位置等紧密相关,且润滑剂经 位置和球速度下进行了一系列的试验,发现保持架兜
[6]
过滚动体与保持架兜孔之间的间隙时,所形成的润滑 孔内油量与测量的摩擦扭矩密切相关. 徐建东等 通
剂再分布将使轴承的润滑状态发生变化. 因此,有必 过研究轴承保持架的转动速度与打滑现象的关系,发
要对不同保持架结构参数下的滚动体-保持架接触副 现降低转动速度、增大径向载荷和减少滚动体数,有
内的摩擦性能进行定量研究,对保持架结构设计和减 利于减小保持架的滑差率.
摩轴承设计具有借鉴意义. 在保持架类型研究方面,保持架的几何形状和结
[7]
保持架引起的滑动摩擦损失主要受轴承运行速 构尺寸决定了滑动摩擦力的大小. Deng等 建立了1种
度、保持架几何形状和润滑剂填充流动等因素的影 估算摩擦消耗的动态模型,分析了不同结构尺寸保持
响. 多年来,国内外众多研究人员对保持架开展了大 架摩擦消耗的影响因素,揭示了保持架结构尺寸对摩
[8]
量的理论和试验研究. 主要集中在以下几个方面. 在 擦耗量的影响. Gao等 提出1种综合动力学模型,用
[1]
轴承运转时保持架作用研究方面,Jiang等 在2013年 于分析不同类型保持架的稳定性、打滑率、球架碰
初期通过建立球轴承总摩擦力矩的计算模型,分析了 撞、磨损分布及磨损率,并通过模型试验验证了各类
[9]
各摩擦源对轴承总摩擦力矩的贡献比例,发现保持架 型保持架的以上特性. Russell等 通过4种不同类型的
引起的摩擦力矩占比较大. 进一步研究表明,轴承工 深沟球轴承保持架在特定位置产生的摩擦扭矩,观察
作参数和接触特性会直接影响保持架的运动,Zhang 了兜孔内的油和空气混合物,发现保持架的摩擦性能
[10]
[2]
等 通过试验研究了球轴承保持架模型的相关运动表 与兜孔内润滑膜的形状密切相关. Aamer等 在充分
现,分析了转矩变化、波浪幅值、载荷和转速对振动 供油条件下对不同类型的透明保持架进行了试验,通
的影响,揭示了力矩波动与保持架不稳定涡动之间的 过观察保持架兜孔内润滑剂的流动和分布,发现保持

