Page 153 - 摩擦学学报2025年第10期

1550 摩擦学学报（中英文） 第 45 卷

both β-TiNb alloy and MoS 2 targets. The tribological performance of MoS 2 -TiNb composite film under air, vacuum, and
air-vacuum cycling conditions, was markedly enhanced when the doping amount of β-TiNb alloy reaches 10%. The
friction coefficient of the MoS 2 -10%TiNb composite film in the air condition was 0.065 and the wear life was 4.2×
5
10 r. The friction coefficient of MoS 2 -10%TiNb film in the vacuum condition was only 0.010 and the wear life reached
5
7.2×10 r. Remarkably, MoS 2 -10%TiNb film could also maintain its initial friction coefficient over 10 times under air-
vacuum cycling conditions. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-
EDS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements were applied to analyze the friction tracks, transfer
films, and wear debris after friction test under different conditions. The results revealed that a highly crystalline MoS 2
sliding interface layer forms on the surface of the amorphous composite film during the friction process. This layer led to
a reduced friction coefficient under vacuum condition. Concurrently, the presence of the β-TiNb alloy mitigated the
oxidation of the lubricating film and diminished the sliding interface layer's sensitivity to water and oxygen, which
contributes to a lower friction coefficient under atmospheric conditions. This was attributed to the tendency of β-TiNb
elements to enter the edge position of MoS 2 crystals, filling the defects caused by the absence of S during sputtering
deposition. Meanwhile, the composite film will produce a certain MoO 3 during the friction process, so that the friction
coefficient increases slightly. Upon re-entry into vacuum conditions, the highly crystalline sliding interface layer
exhibited self-repairing properties due to friction-induced reconstruction of MoS 2 sliding interface layer on the surface of
composite films, and then its tribological performance was self-recovered once again. Meanwhile, the pre-formed hard
oxide particles (MoO 3 ) in the air environment would be wrapped by the rapidly formed MoS 2 , which furtherly promoted
the wear resistance of the MoS 2 -10%TiNb composite film. These results indicated that MoS 2 -10%TiNb film was a high-
performance solid lubricating film that could be reused under the air-vacuum cycling conditions for several times. Our
work paved a new path to break through the performance limitations of the solid lubrication film by the synergistic effect
of multiple metals alloys.
Key words: solid lubrication films; magnetron co-sputtering; air-vacuum cycling condition; self-repairing sliding
interface layer; self-recovery tribological properties

随着空间科学技术的快速发展以及未来空间探 目前，通常通过改善润滑薄膜的结构与组成来提
索计划的稳步推进，低能耗、可重复和可在轨升级的 升薄膜的力学性能及其在大气环境中摩擦学性能 [12-15] .
航天飞行器成为新一代空间科技领域的研究热点和 在MoS 中掺杂约9%的软金属Ag形成的Ag-MoS 复合
2 2
前沿 [1-2] . 其中，可重复使用航天器是指可以多次重复 薄膜 ，可在真空和潮湿大气环境中实现超过6×10 r
[16]
5
使用并自由往返于地球表面与太空之间的新型航天 的滑动寿命. 非金属元素C掺杂的无定型MoS /C涂层
2
[17]
器，该技术能够有效降低发射成本、缩短履约周期并 在摩擦过程中形成类石墨纳米片 ，通过水分子减少
提升产能需求 [3-5] . 可重复使用航天器在运行过程中会 相邻石墨片之间的相互作用，从而使其摩擦系数降
面临“大气-真空”交变环境的影响，其中部分经过固 低至0.01左右. 共溅射MoS /WS 复合薄膜具有(002)基
2
2
[18]
[6]
体润滑处理运动机构也会同样面临类似的环境 ，因 面取向且结构更加致密 ，使其在大气环境中具有更
此，研究在大气-真空循环条件下可重复使用的固体 低的摩擦系数(0.03). 多组分复合“变色龙”润滑薄膜，
润滑薄膜对于保证该类航天器的稳定、高效和低成本 如 MoS /rGO [19] 、 MoS /Sb O /Au 和 Al O /DLC/Au/
[20]
3
2
2
2
3
2
运行具有重要意义. MoS [21] ，其中的多种纳米材料之间容易发生晶界滑
2
过渡金属二硫属化物(TMDs)，如二硫化钼(MoS )、 动，而且能够根据外界环境变化产生相应的转移膜，
2
二硫化钨(WS )等，因膜-基结合力强、真空摩擦系数 显著提高了薄膜的环境适应性和大气及潮湿大气环
2
低及耐磨性好的特点，成为广泛研究和应用的空间 境下的摩擦学性能. 然而，上述研究仅针对单一环境
固体润滑材料 [7-9] . 但是，通过常见的物理气相沉积法 条件下的摩擦学性能研究，对于空间固体润滑薄膜在
(PVD)制备的固体润滑薄膜表面存在疏松多孔的结 大气-真空循环条件下的摩擦学性能变化及其可重复
构，容易吸附空气中的水和氧气，导致其在大气环境 使用性尚未见报道，多次环境交变下的摩擦磨损机理
[10]
下的摩擦系数较高(约0.15) ，且在潮湿大气环境下 也尚不清楚.
长期工作时，部分MoS 或WS 在摩擦磨损过程中会发 基于此，本文中设计了1种TiNb合金掺杂MoS 复
2
2
2
[11]
生氧化，进而引起润滑性能下降甚至“润滑失效” . 合薄膜，采用双靶磁控共溅射方法制备出不同TiNb合