Page 210 - 《高原气象》2025年第5期

高 原 气 象 44 卷
1328
影响分析及预测［J］. 气象与环境科学， 43（4）： 3-12. Zhang X al， 2018. Analysis of the “7·20” heavy rain process in North Chi‐
A， Zhao P J， Zhang Y M， et al， 2020. Analysis and prediction of na and Beijing ［J］. Meteorology， 44（3）： 351-360.
the impact of heavy rain causing floods on Wangjiaba water level 周连童， 黄荣辉， 2003. 关于我国夏季气候年代际变化特征及其可
in the upper Huai River［J］. Meteorological and Environmental 能成因的研究［J］. 气候与环境研究， 8（3）： 274−290. Zhou L
Science， 43（4）： 3-12. T， Huang R H， 2003. Research on the interdecadal variation char‐
赵思雄， 孙建华， 鲁蓉， 等， 2018.“7·20”华北和北京大暴雨过程的 acteristics of China's summer climate and possible causes ［J］. Cli‐
分析［J］. 气象， 44（3）： 351-360. Zhao S X， Sun J H， Lu R， et mate and Environment Research， 8（3）： 274-290.

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Flood Events and Synoptic
Patterns of Flood-causing Rainstorms in Haihe River Basin

WANG Caixia ， YANG Xiaojun ， HOU Min ， XU Wei ， BU Qingjun 1
1
2
2
1
（1. Binhai New Area Meteorological Office of Tianjin， Tianjin 300450， China；
2. Tianjin Meteorological Observatory， Tianjin 300074， China）
Abstract： Flood disasters are among the most serious natural disasters in the Haihe River Basin， inflicting sub‐
stantial damage on infrastructure， electricity， transportation， agriculture， and other critical sectors. It has always
been given great attention and concern by various flood control decision-making departments. The western and
northern parts of the Haihe River Basin are mountainous and plateaus， while the southeastern part is the North
China Plain with gentle terrain. The transition zone between the mountainous area and the plain is relatively
short， and the river channels have short sources， rapid flow， and large flood flow velocity. The propagation time
of floods is short， with the longest time from rainfall in the mountainous area to the occurrence of floods at the
river outlet not exceeding 1~2 days， and the shortest time being only a few hours. This makes floods in the basin
characterized by a short lead time and strong suddenness. Heavy rain is the most direct and fundamental cause of
flood disasters. In this study， hydrological and meteorological data are used to select and analyze the characteris‐
tics of historical flood-causing rainstorms in the Haihe River basin. Based on hydrological monitoring data in the
Haihe River Basin， daily precipitation data from national meteorological stations， and ERA5 global reanalysis

data， refered to the recommended design flood revision results and corresponding peak discharge design values
specified in the Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission's "Recommended Results Table of Design Flood Re‐
vision in the Haihe River Basin"， historical extreme floods， major floods， and moderate floods in the Haihe Riv‐
er Basin since 1952 were selected and analyzed. According to the number of hydrological stations with flood and
the time interval between flood occurrences， the flood can be divided into regional flood and local flood. Analy‐
sis on the frequency of flood with time and the frequency distribution of historical flood in different river sys‐
tems， The temporal and spatial characteristics of historical flood in Haihe River Basin are obtained. The results
indicate that extreme floods， major floods， and moderate floods in the basin over the past 70 years all occurred
in July and August， and there are two peak points in the frequency of flood occurrences， which is related to the
movement and intensity changes of the summer monsoon climate； Geographically， the occurrence of floods in

the basin shows a northeast-southwest trend， with the characteristics of more occurrences in the south and fewer
in the north， and more occurrences in the west and fewer in the east. Analysis of the basin's topographical fea‐
tures shows that the river systems on the leeward slopes in the mountainous areas， with long river sources and
large drainage areas， are relatively easy to control， while the river systems on the windward slopes have dis‐
persed tributaries， short sources， rapid flow， and strong suddenness， making them relatively difficult to control.