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5 期 王泽林等:西北地区冬季非降水层状云积冰环境的飞机观测个例研究 1245
较好的对应关系, Himawari-8 卫星产品可用于单层 0021.
非降水层状云的积冰环境识别。 Bernstein B C, Rasmussen R M, McDonough F, et al, 2019. Keys to
differentiating between small-and large-drop icing conditions in
(4) 按照FAA标准计算的积冰速率表明, 飞机
continental clouds[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Clima‐
在三次入云观测中都遭遇了中度积冰。将三次水
tology, 58(9): 1931-1953. DOI: 10. 1175/JAMC-D-18-0038. 1.
平飞行过程的观测数据与转换后的防除冰设计包 Bernstein B C, DiVito S, Riley J T, et al, 2021. The in-cloud icing
线比较表明, 云中的温度、 云滴 MVD 和 LWC 水平 and large-drop experiment science and operations plans: DOT/
分 布 稳 定 , 累 积 平 均 LWC 达 到 LWC 包 线 值 FAA/TC-21/29[R]. New Jersey: Federal Aviation Administration
(-10 ℃)的40%~60%, 所遭遇的积冰环境均处于附 William J. Hughes Technical Center.
Bessho K, Date K, Hayashi M, et al, 2016. An introduction to Hi‐
录C包线范围内。此次非降水云的云微物理特征符
mawari-8/9-Japan’s new-generation geostationary meteorological
合适航取证试飞的试验环境需求, 尤其在云顶下部
satellites[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser.
逆温层中具备较为理想的试验环境。国内其它研 II, 94(2): 151-183. DOI: 10. 2151/jmsj. 2016-009.
究发现, 西北地区东部冬半年在西南低空急流、 冷 Cober S G, Isaac G A, Strapp J W, 2001. Characterizations of aircraft
高压或冷锋系统影响下易出现严重积冰, 云中的逆 icing environments that include supercooled large drops[J]. Jour‐
温层附近存在显著的过冷水峰值区和更大的云滴, nal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 40(11): 1984-
2002. DOI: 10/dfmqnp.
还 可 能 伴 随 着 SLD(王 泽 林 等 , 2022; 彭 冲 等 ,
Cober S G, Ratvasky T, Isaac G, 2002. Assessment of aircraft icing
2023)。相较于本研究, 这些个例的积冰环境更为
conditions observed during AIRS[C]//40th AIAA Aerospace Sci‐
危险, 但对于民机适航验证试飞来说, 或为更理想 ences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston: AIAA. DOI: 10. 2514/
的试验环境。 6. 2002-674
层状云积冰环境的分布与地理位置、 季节和天 Cober S G, Isaac G A, 2012. Characterization of aircraft icing envi‐
ronments with supercooled large drops for application to commer‐
气系统等多种因素有关, 另外, 气溶胶浓度、 风切
cial aircraft certification[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology and
变等因素可能影响过冷云滴的大小分布, 进而造成
Climatology, 51(2): 265-284. DOI: 10. 1175/JAMC-D-11-
积冰类型、 位置和强度的差异。本文仅分析了一次 022. 1.
非降水层状云积冰环境, 缺乏对气溶胶场、 垂直气 Faber S, French J R, Jackson R, 2018. Laboratory and in-flight evalu‐
流和小尺度冰晶等要素的观测, 获得的结果存在一 ation of measurement uncertainties from a commercial cloud drop‐
定的不确定性, 还需要更多的飞机观测个例进行验 let probe (CDP)[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 11
(6): 3645-3659. DOI: 10. 5194/amt-11-3645-2018.
证。因此, 不同地理位置、 不同季节和不同天气系
Fernández-González S, Sánchez J L, Gascón E, et al, 2014. Weather
统影响下的层状云积冰环境特征及卫星遥感识别
features associated with aircraft icing conditions: a case study
研究是未来进一步可以开展的工作。 [J]. The Scientific World Journal, 2014: 279063. DOI: 10. 1155/
2014/ 279063.
致谢: 华盛顿州立大学白小玉博士对本文写作提供
Hou T J, Lei H C, He Y J, et al, 2021. Aircraft measurements of the
了宝贵意见, 在此表示感谢。
microphysical properties of stratiform clouds with embedded con‐
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