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6 期 田付友等:中国中低海拔地区三类强对流天气环境条件的基本气候特征 1457
中的冰相粒子也会有更快的融化速率,从而也使得 severe thunderstorm and tornado environments from global reanal‐
冰相粒子在下落过程中融化更快,到达地面时更难 ysis data[J]. Atmospheric Research,67-68(7):73-94.
以 保 持 冰 相 的 相 态(Hauk et al,2016;Li et al, Brooks H E,2009. Proximity soundings for severe convection for Eu‐
rope and the United States from reanalysis data[J]. Atmospheric
2017)。高的 Z0 和趋于饱和的高 PWAT 环境显著降
Research,93(1):546-553.
低了短时强降水与冰雹同时出现的可能性。
Chen C,Sasa K,Ohsawa T,et al,2020. Comparative assessment of
本研究中所用雷暴大风实况与短时强降水和
NCEP and ECMWF global datasets and numerical approaches on
冰雹实况的时段不一致,但三类强对流天气现象的 rough sea ship navigation based on numerical simulation and ship‐
环境差别显著超出了实况时段不一致性的影响,所 board measurements[J]. Applied Ocean Research,101,102219.
得结论仍然是可信的。环境特征的各个方面是互 Cintineo J L,Pavolonis M J,Sieglaff J M,et al,2020. NOAA Prob‐
相关联的有机体,本研究中为了便于对比,对多个 Severe v2. 0-ProbHail,ProbWind,and ProbTor[J]. Weather and
预报参量进行了归类,但不难发现,某一方面物理 Forecasting,35(4):1523-1543.
Doswell III C A,2001. Severe convective storms-An overview[M].
参量的差异在其他方面参量的分析中也有表现,如
In Severe Convective Storms(Editor Doswell III,C A). Ameri‐
PWAT 和 Z0,不同的物理参量之间是否有内在联
can Meteorological Society,p1-26.
系,环境参量的差别最终如何决定了可能出现的强
Doswell III C A,Bosart L F,2001. Extratropical synoptic-scale pro‐
对流天气现象类型,有待进一步研究。 cesses and severe convection[M]. In Severe Convective Storms
6. 2 结论 (Editor Doswell III,C A). American Meteorological Society,
本研究针对我国强对流业务中定义的短时强 27-70.
降水、雷暴大风和冰雹,基于多年的小时降水、冰 Groenemeijer P H,van Delden A,2007. Sounding-derived parameters
雹、雷暴大风实况和 NCEP FNL 物理量资料,对表 associated with large hail and tornadoes in the Netherlands[J]. At‐
征三类强对流天气的环境物理量特征进行了研究, mospheric Research,83(2):473-487.
Hauk T,Bonaccurso E,Villedieu P,et al,2016. Theoretical and ex‐
得到的主要结论如下:
perimental investigation of the melting process of ice particles[J].
(1) 三类强对流天气的绝对和相对水汽含量
Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,30(4):946-954.
差异显著。75% 的短时强降水出现在 PWAT 大于
Kahraman A,Kadioglu M,Markowski P M,2017. Severe convective
50 mm的环境中,约 75% 的雷暴大风和超过 75% 的 storm environments in Turkey[J]. Monthly Weather Review,145
冰雹均出现在PWAT低于50 mm的环境中。短时强 (12):4711-4725.
降水常出现在整层相对湿度大的饱和环境中,雷暴 Li L,Zhang R H,Wu P L,2020. Evaluation of NCEP-FNL and ERA-
大风和冰雹常出现在相对干的环境中。 Interim data sets in detecting Tibetan Plateau vortices in May-Au‐
(2) DT85 及 TLR85 对三类强对流天气有更明 gust of 2000-2015[J]. Earth and Space Science, 7(3):
显的区分意义,BCAPE 和 BLI 均不够显著。短时 e2019EA000907.
Li M X,Zhang F Q,Zhang Q H,et al,2017. Nonlinear response of
强降水多出现在温度递减率小于 5. 5 ℃的湿绝热环
hail precipitation rate to environmental moisture content:a real
境中,冰雹常出现在温度递减率大于 6. 5 ℃的偏强
case modeling study of an episodic midlatitude severe convective
温度递减率环境中。
event[J]. Journal of Geographic Research Atmosphere,122
(3)有利的低层动力抬升是三类强对流的重要 (13):6729-6747.
条件,但垂直风切变条件中,SHR6 对三类强对流 Ma R Y,Sun J H,Yang X L,2021. An eight-year climatology of the
天气的区分更显著。Z0 对三类强对流天气也有显 warm-season severe thunderstorm environments over North China
著的区分意义。 [J]. Atmospheric Research,254(2021):105519.
(4) 雷暴大风存在两个有利的高概率密度区 Meng Z Y,Yao D,Bai L Q,et al,2016. Wind estimation around the
间,分别与利于短时强降水和利于冰雹的有利环境 shipwreck of Oriental Star based on field damage surveys and ra‐
dar observations[J]. Science Bulletin,61(4):330-337.
区间相重叠,这一特征在与 PWAT 和 Z0 相关的概
Rasmussen E N,Blanchard D O,1998. A baseline climatology of
率密度分布中均有体现。
sounding-derived supercell and tornado forecast parameters[J].
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